1. Publication Ethics Hooman Momen, Editor Bulletin of the World Health Organization SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

2. COPE - first 128 cases SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

3. Problems of Authorship zDisputes - Question of interpretation yWhether “contribution” was substantial. xDiscuss authorship when research is planned xDecide authorship before article is started zMisconduct yAuthorship is unethical xStick to facts xAvoid being emotional SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

4. Two types of Problems l Gift Authorship l Inclusion of Authors who did not contribute significantly to the study l Hierarchy (Expectation / favour) l Colleagues ( Increase publications) l Ghost Authorship l Absence of Authors l Professional writers ( Should be acknowledged) l Hierarchical / political / personal reasons SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

5. Authorship: ICMJE Guidelines “Authorship credit should be based only on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Conditions 1, 2, and 3 must all be met. “ SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

6. What authors think? zSupply of patient data, reagents, biological specimens, illustrations zCo-ordination or participation in the collection of data zCare or examination of patients zSupply of funds or space ztechnical work in the laboratory zHead of department or institute SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

7. Authorship: other approaches zAuthors zCollaborators y Specify the contribution of each one y Include technical and author’s editors zGuarantors yFacilities, Funds and space yEthical conduct of study zReviewers SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

8. Overlapping Publications z Duplicate Submissions z Duplicate Publication y Redundant Publication y Acceptable Secondary Publication z Competing Manuscripts y Same study y Same Database z Sibling Publications SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

9. Duplicate Submissions z Most journals will not consider simultaneously submitted manuscripts y potential for disagreement over right to publish among journals y possibility of unnecessary duplication of peer review and editing z Is acceptable y when both editors believe it is in the best interest of Public Health y Paper has been rejected by another journal y Full report following submission of abstract SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

10. Redundant Publication z Publication of a paper that substantially overlaps with an already published article z Unethical y Wastes time of peer-reviewers and editors y Wastes resources and Journal pages y Leads to flawed meta analysis y Distorts Academic reward system y Infringes on copyright y Inflates scientific literature for no benefit other than to author SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

11. How widespread is the problem z Among articles in 70 Ophthalmologic journals between 1997-2000 Mojon-Azzi et al. (2003) Nature 421: 209 y1.39% were considered redundant y 32/70 journals victim of duplicate publication y 210 authors were involved y No significant difference between impact factor of primary and secondary journal z However Elsevier reported only 10 cases last year among all their journals SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

12. Redundant publication -Editorial Actions z Prompt rejection of submitted paper z If redundant paper already published y Publication of notice of duplicate publication z Advise other editor/publisher involved y copyright violations z Inform employer/ institution of author y For appropriate sanctions to be taken SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

13. Acceptable Secondary Publication z Guidelines, another language, commemorative y Approval from editors of both journals y Priority of primary publication is respected y Paper for secondary publication is intended for a different audience y Secondary version faithfully reflects data and interpretations of primary version y Footnote on title page of secondary version states primary reference x "This article is based on a study first reported in the J. …" SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

14. Competing Manuscripts z Manuscripts based on same study yDisagreement on analysis or interpretation – Two options x Two papers on same study x Single paper with commentary(ies) y Disagreement on method or results x Publication refused until differences resolved z Manuscripts based on same data sets y Publication may be justified if different analytic approaches used SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

15. Sibling Manuscripts z Related papers submitted to different journals with no cross citation. y Fragments science – unhelpful to readers y Journals instruct authors to provide relevant papers including, in press and under review. y Greater likelihood paper will be accepted z Good publication practice is to provide y Full disclosure, full citation, full discussion of author's related work x Szklo & Wlcox (2003) Am. J. Epidemiology 157:281 SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

16. Prevention z Better education on publication guidelines and ethics. z Introduction of registers for planned and on-going clinical trials. z Change criteria from quantity to quality when papers are used for assessment of posts or grants. SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

17. Ethical responsibilities of Editors and reviewers zMaintain confidentiality zNot to misappropriate ideas or text zEmit reviews that are justifiable and without bias zTransmit information to authors in a timely fashion zDeclare any conflict of interest SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎

18. Konflik Kepentingan zFinancial relationships yconsultancies yemployment yshares zPersonal relationships zAcademic competition zIntellectual passion SUMBER: bvs4.icml9.org/.../Presentation%20to%20%20ethics%20workshop-1433...‎