1. Chapter 25, Section 3 Reaction to the New Deal

2. The New Deal encouraged a sense of hope among Americans The New Deal failed to end the depression ▫Protest against it could be heard throughout the land

3. Angry Voices Most critics of the New Deal wanted government to do more Few wanted it to do less

4. Huey Long Turned on the president His motto was “Share the Wealth” ▫Called for heavy taxes on the rich  Use the tax money to provide every family with a house car and a decent annual income.

5. Francis Townsend A California doctor Wanted everyone over age 60 to get a pension of $200.00 a month ▫These people would have to retire freeing up jobs

6. Father Coughlin A catholic priest known as the radio priest Criticized FDR for not taking a stronger action against bankers and rich investors

7. Liberty League A conservative group complained the New Deal interfered with business and people’s lives

8. FDR and the Supreme Court Roosevelt and his advisors defended the New Deal by comparing the depression to a national emergency

9. Striking Down New Laws Supreme Court ruled that the Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional ▫Gave too much power to the president and to the federal government Court then struck down the Agricultural Adjustment Act and nine other New Deal laws

10. FDR Strikes Back Roosevelt put forth a plan to reshape the federal courts ▫Raising the number of justices on the Supreme Court from 9 to 15 He could then appoint 6 new judges who supported his programs

11. Howls of protest Both supporters and critics of the New Deal saw his move as a threat to the separation of powers In the end Roosevelt withdrew his proposal

12. Changes on the Court During his years in office FDR got to appoint 9 new Justices more than any other president since George Washington

13. Labor Reform; Growth of Unions Wagner Act; protected American workers from unfair management practices, such as firing a worker if he or she joined a union Guaranteed collective bargaining; the process in which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract

14. Labor Reform; Growth of Unions Helped union membership grow from 3 million to 9 million in the 1930’s Became a powerful force in politics

15. Labor struggles Employers continued to try to stop workers from joining unions Sitdown Strike: stopped all machines and refused to leave the factories

16. A minimum wage Fair Labor Standards Act set a minimum wage of $0.40 an hour and a maximum of 44 hours per week Banned children under the age of 16 from working

17. Social Security In the 1930’s the U.S. was the only major industrial nation that did not have a system of pensions for retired people

18. Social Security Act: passed in 1935 3 Parts 1. Set up a system of pensions for older people ▫A. Supported by payment from employees and employers 2. Unemployment insurance ▫A.Received small payments until you found work again 3. States got money to support dependent children and people with disabilities

19. Critics Worried about the increased power of the federal government Deficit spending; government spent more than it took in from taxes ▫Increase in the national debt

20. Critics Business leaders claimed the New deal was making unions too powerful It was not bringing economic recovery

21. Supporters Argues that the government must meet the need of all people Believed government must regulate industries like banking to prevent another depression