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IAFS 1000 Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia
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Outline 1998 Nuclear Tests Background of Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Programs Political Context
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Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia Indian nuclear tests: May 11 and 13, 1998 Diplomatic efforts to stop Pakistani tests Pakistan nuclear tests: May 28 & 30, 1998 Immediate economic sanctions on both India and Pakistan
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Indian Background Tension with China 1974 “peaceful nuclear explosion” (PNE) Today: ~50-90 nuclear weapons Goal: regional stability
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Pakistani Background Nuclear weapons capability by 1989-1990 Today: ~30-60 nuclear weapons Goals: overcoming conventional inferiority, keeping regional balance of power
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1732430.stm Delivery Systems Strategic missile systems Fighter plane option
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Political Context: India CIA surprise US inaction Motives: --Matching China --Hindu nationalism, political needs --Maintaining advantage over Pakistan
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Political Context: India (cont.) Desire for international respect Resentment of NPT Initial euphoria, then increasing protests
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http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9805/16/india.protests/ Anti-Nuclear Protests in India
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/news/021021_pmln_siqqid_ua.shtml Political Context: Pakistan No real alternative? Need to satisfy nationalist demands: “We have settled the score” Oct 1999 coup PM Nawaz Sharif and Gen. Pervez Musharraf
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Nuclear Hopes and Fears Pakistan Army: better able to negotiate with India? Fears of radical Islamic elements within Pakistan Army Fear of nukes falling into terrorist hands
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Conclusions? Greater stability? Impact of proliferation in South Asia is still unclear
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Quiz Use blue or black ink Read every word before you begin
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