1. Review: Part 1 The living world, Earth and Space The material world part 1

2. The Living World

3. The living world Exam Breakdown: –1 question –Section B –Topics: Disturbances Trophic Levels

4. Progressions of Learning (POL) Defines an ecosystem as the relationships between the individuals in a community and abiotic factors in the environment Defines a disturbance in a community Explains the effects of certain factors that disturb the ecological balance (e.g. human activity, natural disasters) Describes the trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers) Explains the relationships between the trophic levels of a food web Defines primary productivity as the quantity of organic matter produced by plants in a given territory Explains the effects of certain factors on primary productivity (e.g. bees help pollinate fruit trees, pathogenic microorganisms hinder plant growth) Describes material and energy flow in an ecosystem Describes certain processes underlying chemical recycling (e.g. action of microorganisms and decomposers, erosion) Describes the geographical and climatic factors that affect the distribution of biomes (e.g. latitude, humidity, temperature, salinity)

5. Ecosystems: –Interaction between the living (amongst themselves) and the non-living

7. This interaction is seen through The trophic level (a.k.a. the food chain) Connection with the non-living component: –Producers change inorganic to organic via photosynthesis Responsible for primary productivity They are autotrophs Plants

8. This interaction is seen through Consumers: –Must feed on other living organisms in order to survive –Heterotroph –1 st order consumer: eats plants –2 nd order consumer: eats 1 st order consumer –3 rd order consumer: eats 2 nd order consumer –(…)

9. This interaction is seen through Decomposers: –Re-connection with the non-living component –Takes organic materials and changes it into inorganic material –Responsible for chemical recycling –Bacteria, fungi

12. Disturbances HumanNatural

13. Earth and Space

14. Exam Breakdown: –2 questions –Section A (1) and Section B (1) –Topics: Watersheds Energy ressources

15. Progressions of Learning (POL) Distinguishes between minerals and ore Describes some of the environmental impacts of mining and of the transformation of minerals Defines a catchment area as a territory surrounding a waterway Describes some of the impacts of human activity on the waterways in a catchment area Describes the main factors that affect the quantity of solar energy that reaches the Earth's surface (e.g. reflection and absorption of solar energy by the atmosphere or surfaces) Describes the properties of an air mass (temperature, humidity, pressure) Explains the formation of clouds when two different air masses meet Explains the formation of cyclones (low-pressure areas) and anticyclones (high- pressure areas) Describes the tides in terms of the gravitational effect of the Earth-Moon system Describes technologies used to produce electricity using the energy resources in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere Describes the main impact of the use of energy resources in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere

16. The lithosphere Earth:Solid ground Agriculture Mining

17. The lithosphere MineralOre

18. The lithosphere What is it? –A deposit of gold (300$/g) that takes 350$/g to extract. When would it be considered ore?

19. The lithosphere (game) Environmental Impacts of mining:

20. The Hydrosphere All water contained on our planet

21. The hydrosphere Catchment area: –Territory surrounding a waterway

22. The hydrosphere Catchment area: –Environmental impacts

24. The atmosphere The atmosphere: –Envelop of gases surrounding our planet

25. The atmosphere Air masses: –Pockets of air with the same Temperature Humidity Pressure

26. When 2 air masses meet, a front is created. –Cold Front –Warm Front –Occluded Front

27. The atmosphere Cold front: –Cold air mass moving, pushes the warm air mass up rapidly –Causes storms

28. The atmosphere Warm front: –Warm air mass moving, slowly rising above a cold air mass –Produces light rain for many days

29. The atmosphere Occluded Front: -A cold front catches up with a warm front, trapping the warm air -Produce violent storms

30. The atmosphere Cyclone –Low pressure system –Gives us weather Anticyclone –High Pressure System –Gives us clear skies

31. Astronomical Phenomenon Tides: –Gravitational effect of the moon (and Sun) on the hydrosphere

32. Astronomical Phenomenon

33. Earth’s Albedo: –How much sunlight is reflected off our planet

35. Geological and geophysical phenomena Technologies for producing electricity –Lithosphere –Hydrosphere –Atmosphere

36. Geological and geophysical phenomena What are the environmental impact of these production technologies –Lithosphere –Hydrosphere –Atmosphere

37. The Material World Part 1: Changes

38. The Material World Exam Breakdown: –10 questions –Section A (9) and Section B (1) –Topics: everything

39. POL for changes Represents an oxidation reaction using the particle model Associates known chemical reactions with oxidation reactions (e.g. combustion, corrosion) Describes the perceivable manifestations of rapid combustion (e.g. heat, light) Explains a combustion reaction using the fire triangle

40. Chemical Changes Particle Model: –Representing Atoms with tiny dots

41. P 4 (s) + 5 O 2 (g) P 4 O 10 (s)

42. Chemical Changes Oxidation:

43. Chemical Changes Combustion: