1. Biological Processes Objectives: 1.Explain how the cell makes energy 2.Explain how enzymes work 3.Review for Test

2. Quiz See hand out…

3. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. This purpose of this process is to make energy for the cell.

4. When you breath you take in oxygen. This oxygen is then transported to the mitochondria of the cell. Food is digested and sugar molecules are also transported to the mitochondria of the cell. Oxygen and sugar combine to form ENERGY.

5. ENERGY sugar + oxygen  energy (ATP) + water + carbon dioxide (usable energy) ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate is what the energy is temporarily stored as. When this molecule is broken down the energy is released. The more active a cell is, the more mitochondria it has. Which cell would you think would have the most mitochondria? Skin Cell - Sperm Cell - Muscle Cell

6. Enzymes are proteins that allow chemical reactions in the body to happen by speeding them up and/or allowing them to occur at a lower temperature (body temperature) Enzymes are specific - the active site of an enzyme has a specific shape that matches up with only one kind of molecule (like a key in a lock); because they are specific we need many thousands of them to aid in the many chemical reactions that occur throughout the body ENZYMES

7. ‘Lock and Key’

8. Enzymes are sensitive There are enzymes in saliva which break down starch into sugars. They work best at pH 7, which is the pH of the mouth. They cannot work in the acidic conditions of the stomach. The stomach also makes enzymes, but they work best in acidic conditions. Enzymes are also sensitive to temperature – they work best at 37°C. 8Ad

9. Plenary 1)What is the process called by which our cells make energy? 2)Where does it happen? 3)What are the two other products of this reaction? 4)What does it mean by enzymes are specific? 5)Why do we say that enzymes are sensitive? 6)What analogy did we use to describe how enzymes work?

10. Review for Test Cell Theory Characteristics of Life Plant Cell Animal Cell 4 Macromolecules of Life DNA Replication Protein Synthesis

11. 1. Cells are the basic units of life. 2. All living organisms are composed of cells. 3. New cells arise only from pre-existing cells. CELL THEORY:

12. 1. Grow and develop 2. Repair 3. Reproduce 4. Respond to their environment 5. Metabolism – are involved in numerous chemical reactions 6. Exchange materials with environment (oxygen & wastes) 7. Composed of cells (containing large, complex molecules) CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE:

15. Macromolecule Review

16. DNA is making an exact copy of itself Figure 10.6 Parental (old) DNA molecule Daughter (new) strand Daughter DNA molecule (double helices)

18. Practice Questions This questions are a repeat of many of the questions you worked on for homework. They come straight out of your reading material. Page 20 Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Page 23Questions 1, 3, 4 Page 28Questions 3 and 6 Page 40Question 1 Page 42Question 1, 2, 4 Page 49Question 1, 5 Page 57Question 1, 3, 4 Page 64Question 1 (ATP) Page 70 – 71 Questions 2, 5, 8(a, b), 20