1. Types of cancer L. Peppers, adapted T. Hurst Key factsWHO Cancer factsheet - Cancers figure among the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. - Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year. - The most frequent types of cancer differ between men and women. - About 30% of cancer deaths are due to the five leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use. - Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer causing over 20% of global cancer deaths and about 70% of global lung cancer deaths. - Cancer causing viral infections such as HBV/HCV and HPV are responsible for up to 20% of cancer deaths in low- and middle-income countries. - More than 60% of world’s total new annual cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. These regions account for 70% of the world’s cancer deaths. - It is expected that annual cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades. Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and neoplasms. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. This process is referred to as metastasis. Metastases are the major cause of death from cancer. The problem Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012 (1). The main types of cancer are: lung (1.59 million deaths) liver (745 000 deaths) stomach (723 000 deaths) colorectal (694 000 deaths) breast (521 000 deaths) oesophageal cancer (400 000 deaths).

2. Types of cancer L. Peppers, adapted T. Hurst

3. Compare and contrast global and US cancers. Hypothesize why you think there are differences. __________________________________ _________________________________ A significant portion of cancers are due to lifestyle choices. Do you think states or countries should charge “cancer taxes” to discourage behavioral and dietary cancer risks? _______________________________________________________________________________ What are the four most frequent cancers for your gender? Which 4 cancers are the most deadly? __________________________________ _________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________ Differences exist in cancer rates between genders as well as geographic regions (countries as well as ethnicities). What are some reasons these differences might exist? ________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________

4. T Hurst Fall 2009 The bulb shown has a volume of 150 cm 3 and contains a mass of 0.16 g of argon. If neon were used in place of argon, what mass of neon would be contained in the bulb ? ____________ How do you know? The.081 g of Ne has the same number of moles, occupying the same amount of space as 0.16 g of Ar. (.16 g Ar) (1 mole/34.4 g) =.004 moles.004 moles Ne (20.2 g/1 mole) =.081 g _______________________________________________________________________________ Focus Question: I What happens to the gas particles inside the bulb when it is turned on? Explain your answer in terms of the kinetic molecular theory. When the filament is turned on, it begins to produce heat energy. This heat is transferred to the gas inside the bulb, causing the gas molecules to move more. This addition of kinetic energy causes the gas molecules to put more pressure on the glass bulb as the molecules are hitting the bulb more often with more force. ________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________