1. the BIG idea Climates are long-term weather patterns that may change over time. Climate and Climate Change Climate is a long-term weather pattern. 4.1 Earth has a variety of climates. 4.2 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 4.3 CHAPTER CHAPTER OUTLINE NEW CHAPTER

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The main factors that influence climate are 4.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season latitude altitude distance from large bodies of water ocean currents

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season Seasonal changes are also part of climate patterns. These photos show the same rice fields in India at different times of the year. Dry SeasonWet Season

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The characteristic weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. climate 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The distance in degrees north or south from the equator. latitude 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A climate influenced by a nearby ocean, with generally mild temperatures and steady precipitation. marine climate 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A climate that occurs in the interior of a continent, with large temperature differences between seasons. continental climate 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A stream of water that flows through the ocean in a regular pattern. ocean current 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A period of the year associated with specific weather conditions. season 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climate is a long-term weather pattern. latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Scientists usually group climates by temperature and precipitation. There are six major climate zones. Climate zones can be divided into subclimates. Microclimates are smaller areas within subclimates. Earth has a variety of climates. 4.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone Each color on the map shows a different subclimate.

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME One of the major divisions in a system for classifying the climates of different regions based on characteristics they have in common. climate zone 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earth has a variety of climates. microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The climate of a smaller area within a subclimate. microclimate 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earth has a variety of climates. microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The warmer body of air over a city. urban heat island 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earth has a variety of climates. microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An area on the downwind side of a mountain that gets less precipitation than the side that faces the wind. rain shadow 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earth has a variety of climates. microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Natural events, such as eruptions of volcanoes, can change climate. 4.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño ice age

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Natural events, such as eruptions of volcanoes, can change climate. 4.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño ice age This ice sheet on a mountain in Peru has shrunk 820 meters (2690 ft) in 19 years. Human activities that release greenhouse gases are also changing climate.

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A period of time during which surface temperatures drop significantly and huge ice sheets spread out beyond the polar regions. ice age 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño ice age

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A disturbance of wind patterns and ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean that causes temporary climate changes in many parts of the world. El Niño 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño ice age

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. Latitude I. Climate is a long-term weather pattern. A. Geography affects climate. B. Seasonal changes are part of climate. 2. Altitude 2. Precipitation Patterns 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Temperature Patterns latitude marine climate continental climate climate ocean current season Climate is a long-term weather pattern. 3. Large Bodies of Water 4. Ocean Currents

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Earth has a variety of climates. microclimate urban heat island rain shadow climate zone II. Earth has a variety of climates. A. Scientists have identified six major climate zones. B. Natural features and human activity can affect local climate. 2. Rain Shadows 1. Urban Heat Islands

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. Climates can change suddenly or slowly. A. Climates cool when particles block sunlight. 1. El Niño 2. Impact of Global Warming D. Human activities are changing climate. 1. Predictions of Climate Change 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño ice age B. Climates change as continents move. C. Some climate changes repeat over time.