1. ncRNA Jeremy Logue

2. The Expanding Repertoire of RNA Adapted from Soares and Valcarcel (2006) EMBO

3. Adapted from Huttenhofer, A et al. (2005) Trends in Genetics The Expanding World of Non-coding RNAs

5. HAR1-associated transcripts in genomic context Of the 49 HARS identified (Human Accelerated Regions), 96% are in non-coding regions.

6. Predicted RNA secondary structure for HAR1F

7. Expression of HAR1F and HAR1R in the developing neocortex Cajal-Retzius cells establish early neuronal circuitry in the developing brain

8. Expression of HAR1F in other parts of the developing brain

9. What does this all mean? Fill in the blank…

10. X - Inactivation

11. Dosage Compensation Adapted from Straub and Becker (2007) Nature Reviews Genetics

12. Imprinted Versus Random X-inactivation Adapted from Avnir and Heard (2001) Nature Reviews Genetics

13. The X-inactivation Center Adapted from Avnir and Heard (2001) Nature Reviews Genetics

14. Differentiation Xist Transcription in Embryonic Stem Cells Adapted from Avnir and Heard (2001) Nature Reviews Genetics 48 hrs.

15. Adapted from Avnir and Heard (2001) Nature Reviews Genetics Potential Roles for Xist Antisense Transcription

16. What does a silenced X look like? Adapted from Chow, JC et al. (2005) Annu. Rev. Genomic Hum. Genet.

17. Co-localization and 3D - Microscopy

18. How confident are we that these co-localize?

19. Figure 1G from Chaumeil, J. et al. (2007) Gen Dev Problems Associated with Co-localization Resolution = λ/(2NA) z-axis problem Calculating a cross-correlation can also aid in determining co-localization

20. 3D - Microscopy