1. ED 517 SPRING 2010 Case Study Presentation Overview

2. Problem Solving Steps (Five Stage Process) 1. Understanding 2. Formulating 3. Applying 4. Reflecting 5. Improving

3. Understanding 1. “Framing” the problem  Current State vs. Desired State  Lack of an obvious way between the two 2. “Analyzing” the problem Current StateDesired State well-definedwell- defined well-definedpoorly defined poorly definedwell-definedpoorly defined

4. Understanding Also Consider  How Serious the Problem is  What is the Cause of the Problem  Can you divide the problem into Manageable Parts

5. Formulating “Identify” possible solutions and select preferred solution Consideration  Lack of information or resources  “Satisficing”

6. Applying “Effectiveness” is not only based on the solution selected, but also how the solution is applied. Consider: Quality Context Potential

7. Reflecting “Assess” results objectively

8. Improving The problem is “resolved” The preferred solution is “adjusted” The solution is deemed “ineffective”

9. Problem Solving as a Five-Stage Process Stage 1: UnderstandingFraming/Analyzing Stage 2: Formulating Identify Possible Solutions & Select Stage 3: ApplyingApply the Solution Stage 4: ReflectingAssess/Evaluate Outcome Stage 5: ImprovingA. Ending B. Refining the solution C. Repeating the Cycle