1. BACTERIA SBI 3C

2. Lesson Outline 2 Kingdoms Classifying Bacteria –Cell Wall Composition –Shape –Configuration –Reproduction

3. Bacterial Kingdoms Bacteria are classified into two kingdoms: –Archaebacteria –Eubacteria Both are prokaryotes (no membrane- bound nucleus or organelles)

4. Classification: Cell Wall The composition of the cell wall varies among bacteria and helps to identify different types Eubacteria contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls Hans Christian Gram (1884) developed the Gram staining method

5. Gram Staining: Bacterial sample stained with various dyes Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus) appear purple because they have a lot of peptidoglycan in the cell wall to hold dye Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. E. coli) appear pinkish-red ANTHRAX

6. Classification: Shape Eubacteria can also be classified into 3 different shapes –spherical = cocci –rod-shaped = bacilli –spiral = spirilla

7. Configuration After division, many bacteria stay together in groups or clusters –mono = one –diplo = pair –strepto = chain –staphylo = clump Colonies = large number (thousands) of cells – visible to the eye Gonorrhea ↓ ↑ Pneumonia Staphylococcus→

8. Classification: Reproduction Bacteria reproduce either: 1.asexually by binary fission 2.sexually by conjugation

10. Conjugation

11. THE END