1. Bacteria Characteristics

2. Prokaryote = All Bacteria
A living Organism
A single celled organism
No nucleus
No organelles
DNA, cell membrane, cell wall, transportation

4. Prokaryote = All Bacteria
Simple in structure
Small compared to more advanced cells
Variety of shapes and sizes, which are used to classify bacteria

5. Bacteria Classification
All Bacteria is classified in 2 ways
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria (Bacteria)
Gram-positive and Gram-negative

6. Archaebacteria “ancient” Extreme bacteria
Different cell walls (no peptidoglycan)
Peptidoglycan = protein-carbohydrate compound found in cell walls
Different lipid types in the cell membrane
Different amino acids

7. 3 Classifications of Archaebacteria
Methanogens – obtain energy from converting H and CO2 into methane gas
O2 is poisonous so live in anaerobic environments
Found in swamps, deep fresh water and sewage

8. 3 Classifications of Archaebacteria Cont.
Halophiles – live and love salt
Live in salt heavy environments that would kill most other living organisms
Found in oceans, Dead Sea,
Great Salt Lake

9. 3 Classifications of Archaebacteria Cont.
Thermoacidophiles – live and love heat and acid
Can live in temp. as much as 110 C and pH levels of 2 or less
Found in hot springs, deep oceanic vents
Are a food source to many other organisms

10. Eubacteria More common and less extreme
Lipid bilayer cell membrane much like ours
Similar to Eukaryotic cells
Do have peptidoglycan, in a thick or a thin layer

11. 3 Shapes of Eubacteria
Bacilli
- Rod or pill shaped Bacteria
E. coli

12. 3 Shapes of Eubacteria cont.
Cocci
Sphere shaped Bacteria

13. 3 Shapes of Eubacteria cont.
Spirilla
Spiral shaped Bacteria
-Streptococci - Chains of spheres
-Staphylococci – Grapelike clusters of spheres

15. Gram-Stain
This is a staining procedure that determines if a Bacteria contains peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Gram-negative (pink) shows that Bacteria have little peptidoglycan in their cell walls Gram-positive (violet) shows that Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls