5. How to get the cloned gene? (How to clone or identify the gene?) (1) From academic scientist (2) From company (3) PCR (RT-PCR) (4) From DNA library (Hybridization) (5) From expression library (Antibody) (6) From expression library (Protein Activity) (7) Microarray analysis (8) Mutant (Complement or Rescue)

9. Figure 4.12. Southern hybridization. (A) Transfer of DNA from the gel to the membrane. (B) The membrane is probed with a radioactively labeled DNA molecule. On the resulting autoradiograph, one hybridizing band is seen in lane 2, and two in lane 3.

10. Northern Blot Hybridization

15. Primer Extension Analysis

16. S1 Nuclease Mapping Analysis

23. GeneGene productAssay lacZβ-galactosidaseHistochemical test uidAβ-glucuronidaseHistochemical test luxLuciferaseBioluminescence GFPGreen fluorescent protein Fluorescence Reporter Gene Assay

24. PITX2-LACZ Staining of mouse embryo day 11 PITX2: bicoid-related transcription factor

25. Luciferase gene Luciferase Activity (Promega)