1. Somatotyping A way of classifying people based on body typeA way of classifying people based on body type Healthy bodies come in all shapes and sizesHealthy bodies come in all shapes and sizes EndomorphsEndomorphs Soft, round bodiesSoft, round bodies MesomorphsMesomorphs Muscular bodiesMuscular bodies EctomorphsEctomorphs Tall, sleek bodiesTall, sleek bodies

2. Endomorphs

3. Mesomorph

4. Ectomorph

5. Current Issues in Weight Management

6. Obesity Defined as having an excess of body fatDefined as having an excess of body fat Stats:Stats: –30% of all adults in Western countries –15% of all adults in Canada –Numbers seem to be getting worse Result of too little activity rather than overeatingResult of too little activity rather than overeating Poses serious health problemsPoses serious health problems

7. Health Risks of Obesity Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis Elevated blood pressureElevated blood pressure Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease Sleep apneaSleep apnea AsthmaAsthma CancerCancer Complications during pregnancy for mother and childComplications during pregnancy for mother and child Menstrual irregularitiesMenstrual irregularities Stress incontinenceStress incontinence Complications during surgeryComplications during surgery FallsFalls

8. Psychological impacts of Obesity Often caused by social stigmaOften caused by social stigma –Discrimination in the workplace –Portrayed as –Lacking self control –Unhealthy –Comical –Awkward –Unattractive Difficult to maintain a positive self-imageDifficult to maintain a positive self-image

9. As we age Often experienced by those who were active in their teens and twenties, but for various reasons reduced their activity levels. Creeping weight gain = Lower metabolic rate Decline in activity Same caloric intake Increased body mass

10. Dieting Commercial diet programs:Commercial diet programs: –A billion dollar industry –Demanded by more and more people seeking quick solutions –Expensive –Ineffective (weight loss is usually not permanent) –Physically harmful Physical harms of chronic dietingPhysical harms of chronic dieting –Stunts physical growth –Causes menstrual irregularities –Lowers the metabolic rate –Leads to eating disorders

11. Energy Balance Equation Describes the relationship between energy input and expendituresDescribes the relationship between energy input and expenditures On one side are the calories burned through exercise and other bodily processesOn one side are the calories burned through exercise and other bodily processes On the other side are the calories consumed in foodOn the other side are the calories consumed in food 3500 calories = 1 pound of fat3500 calories = 1 pound of fat

12. Weight balance Caloric input equals caloric outputCaloric input equals caloric output 2000 calories

13. Weight Gain Caloric input exceeds caloric outputCaloric input exceeds caloric output 2300 calories 1840 calories

14. Weight Loss Caloric output exceeds caloric inputCaloric output exceeds caloric input 2000 Calories 2400 Calories

15. Energy needs of the body Basal Metabolic rateBasal Metabolic rate –The minimum amount of energy in calories the body requires to carry out all vital functions such as breathing and blood circulation BMR per day = 1C x body weight (kg) x 24 BMR per day = 1C x body weight (kg) x 24

16. Factors effecting BMR Lean body massLean body mass Physical fitnessPhysical fitness GenderGender SleepSleep PregnancyPregnancy Body temperatureBody temperature People often fail to recognize their changing metabolic needs and do not adjust their food intake accordinglyPeople often fail to recognize their changing metabolic needs and do not adjust their food intake accordingly

17. 1 Large ice cream cone 700 + calories Housework for 120 min. Tennis at a fast pace for 90 min Cycle 12 km Cross country ski briskly for 100 min Walk more than 8 km