1. 1 st nine weeks review World Geography

2. Vocabulary Mantle- Atmosphere- the layer of gasses that surrounds the earth Crust- thin layer of rock that coats the earth’s surface Hydrosphere- the water elements on the earth Lithosphere- Absolute location Relative location- a term used to describe the location of a geographic feature in relation to other nearby features

3. Vocabulary Equator Prime Meridian- the imaginary line that divides the earth into eastern and western halves Latitude lines- lines that run parallel to the equator Longitude lines Hemisphere- each half of the earth, divided either north and south or east and west Globe Map projection

4. Topographic map- a particular type of map that shows natural and man-made features on the earth Sediment- this happens when physical or chemical processes weather a rock on the earth’s surface Chemical weathering Mechanical weathering- a type of weathering that changes the size and shape of something, but not its composition Acid rain Equinox Solstice- this happens 2x per year when the sun’s rays shine directly overheard at noon Climate- the weather conditions that occur over a long period of time in a certain area

5. Convection- the transfer of heat in the atmosphere by the upward motion of air El Nino- periodic climatic change that causes the waters off the west coast of South America to warm Greenhouse effect- the warming trend that occurs when gases in the atmosphere trap solar energy Latitude Ocean current- large circular system of flowing water that moderates a region’s climate ecosystem- an interdependent community of plants & animals biosphere

6. Vocabulary Coniferous trees Deciduous trees- another name for a broadleaf tree Diffusion- the spread of ideas and customs from one society to another Culture- the total of knowledge, shared attitudes and behaviors of the members of a specific group of people Acculturation- members of a society adopt a custom that they observe in another society Monotheistic religion- belief in one God Polytheistic Religion- belief in many gods

7. Vocabulary Fertility rate- the average number a children a woman would have in her lifetime Mortality rate- the number of deaths per thousand ppl Population density- average number of ppl who live in a measureable area Carrying capacity- the number of living things a piece of land can support

8. Vocabulary State- a country; independent unit that occupies a territory Nation- group of ppl w/a common culture living in a territory and strong sense of unity Democracy- citizens hold the power Monarchy- king or queen and their family hold power Communism- one person or small group holds the power Metropolitan area- the city, its suburbs, and exhurbs Central Business District (CBD)- the area of the city where the commercial activity is located

9. Vocabulary Urbanization Command economy Market economy Gross National Product (GNP) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) infrastructure

10. Questions  How do the Rocky Mountains differ from the Appalachian Mountains? The Rocky Mountains are about 80 million years old and rise to much higher elevations than the Appalachians  Which landforms are NOT shared by the United States? Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain  Name the World’s most important shipping route located in the US and/or Canada. The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River

11. Questions  What type of summers do subarctic climate regions have where one can find permafrost? short, mild summers  What waterway did the US and Canada construct using locks? The St. Lawrence Seaway  How did the first people who crossed into North American from the Beringia survive? The were nomads who hunted animals and gathered wild plants that they did NOT grow on their own.