1. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Overview of the GOES Biomass Burning Monitoring Program FY04 Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Branch Madison, WI Christopher C. Schmidt Joleen M. Feltz Jay Hoffman UW-Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies Madison, WI August 11, 2004

2. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Biomass Burning Research and Applications  Real-time GOES Wildfire ABBA (WF_ABBA) monitoring with product distribution via the web & ftp Applications: - Hazards: early detection and diurnal monitoring of rapid intensification of Wildfires in the U.S. and Canada. (Published in Weather and Forecasting) - Climate change, land-use land-cover change, aerosol/pollutant modeling, socio-economic and health, education and (Smithsonian/National Zoo, Exploratorium Global Change Education Program) general web community.  Validation Studies - Quebec, Canada - Acre, Brazil - Nature Conservancy: Upper Midwest U.S.  Interannual trend analyses in the Western Hemisphere - Diurnal, interannual, geographical trends throughout the Western Hemisphere (beginning in 2000) - Applications: Smoke/cloud interactions, effects on radiation budget, human health and disease, plant physiology.  Participation in interdisciplinary land-use/land-cover change and fire dynamics collaborations focusing on impact of fire in South America (NASA-LBA program) - Land-use/Land-cover change: International effort focusing on Southwest Brazil with multi-sensor fire product validation (GOES/MODIS/AVHRR) and intensive ground truth component. 2

3. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications  WF_ABBA fire product model data assimilation efforts - NASA ESE/IDS: Navy real-time assimilation into NAAPS model to analyze and predict aerosol loading and transport. (Published in GRL) - Univ. of Sao Paulo and Brazil INPE: real-time assimilation into the RAMS model to diagnose regional CO and PM2.5. (In print, Env. Fluid Dynamics) - NCAR: Assimilation into EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model - NASA/GSFC: Assimilation into GOCART for climate change studies - University of Alabama Huntsville:  Air Quality Collaborations - NASA/Langley Air Quality Management Applications Program: Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications (IDEA) in collaboration with U.S. EPA (Submitted to BAMS) - Collaborations with the WRAP (Western Regional Air Partnership) for fire emissions inventories. (Western Governors' Association and the National Tribal Environmental Council) - Collaborations with OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. Assimilation of GOES WF_ABBA in air quality models.  GOES-9 Wildfire ABBA processing for the western Pacific in support of the NOAA/NWS PARTS program  Implementation of a global geostationary network (GOES, MSG, MTSAT) within the framework of IGOS GOFC/GOLD: Geostationary Fire Workshop held in Darmstadt, Germany in March  Simulation and assessment of future NPOESS VIIRS and GOES-R fire monitoring capabilities Biomass Burning Research and Applications 3

4. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Geostationary WF_ABBA Program Research Path Rapid Scan WF_ABBA 2002 20042007 20082009 2005 2003 Operational global geostationary fire monitoring system Science Advance Global geostationary fire monitoring and assimilation of fused geo/polar fire products will result in greatly improved assessments of global burning and effects on the environment. 2010 Western Hemisphere Wildfire ABBA (WF_ABBA) Global geostationary fire monitoring system South American ABBA Implementation of first automated contextual geostationary diurnal fire detection system in South America. Applications in trend analysis, land-use/land-cover change, emissions monitoring, and carbon cycle studies. Implementation of half-hourly WF_ABBA throughout Western Hemisphere: Applications in hazards, global change, visibility/air quality monitoring (NASA-IDEA). Near real time assimilation in aerosol/trace gas transport models (NRL- NAAPS, INPE/CPTEC RAMS). Validation efforts: Canada, U.S. and Brazil. Transfer to NESDIS OSDPD (2003). Develop and implement a rapid scan WF_ABBA for early detection and high temporal wildfire monitoring in North America with minimal false alarms (<5%). Incorporate into NESDIS OSDPD Hazards Mapping System (FY05). Adapt the GOES WF_ABBA for application with MSG, GOES-9 and MTSAT-1R. Significant development effort due to differences in the instruments and respective fire monitoring capabilities. Fusion of current and future polar/geo fire products Transfer of global geo fire monitoring system to NESDIS OSDPD; ongoing support would ensure routine long-term stable global fire record for numerous applications. 20011995 Maximize use of multiple data sources. Take advantage of strengths of each system to create improved fused fire products. Approved Deficiency Resources Development/Implementation of GOES-R fire algorithm and other future geostationary fire monitoring capabilities around the globe Enhanced fire monitoring in the Western Hemisphere and throughout the world. 4

5. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications GOES WF_ABBA Diurnal Monitoring of Wildfires in the Western U.S. ÎHalf-hourly GOES alpha-blended imagery provide insight into diurnal variation in fire and weather ÎCurrently products are available on-line within half-hour of image receipt ÎGoal is to provide fire products within 5 minutes for regional sectors in rapid scan mode this year. Rapid scan mode can be requested by the fire weather community. Los Angeles San Diego GOES-10 WF_ABBA Alpha-Blended Imagery (GOES Visible, IR, WF_ABBA, USGS GLCC) 26 October – 29 October 2003 5

6. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications GOES WF_ABBA Validation Effort in Quebec Quebec Red: Confirmed Blue: False Alarms (~3%) 50 N Capabilities of the GOES WFABBA at High Latitudes in Quebec, Canada Over the Intensive Protection Zone (South of 50 N) - - WF_ABBA cannot replace the expensive aircraft patrols - - However, it can serve as a second insurance against the larger fires (represents major forest lost during a season and expensive to suppress) - - During 2002, WF_ABBA quicker than SOPFEU in 3 to 5 cases - - WF_ABBA detected fires as small as 1 ha in size Over the Restricted Protection Zone (North of 50 N) - - Quicker than the existing detection on the ground in more than 50% of the casesh - - Detects many fires that remained ignored on the ground - - Quicker than NOAA-14 in most cases during the seasons 99-00 Courtesy of Michel Moreau (Env. Canada) 6

7. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Nature Conservancy GOES WF_ABBA Validation Effort in Northern Plains 0 – Processed Fire Pixel 1 – Saturated Fire Pixel 2 – Cloudy Fire Pixel Possible Categories: 3 – High 4 – Medium 5 – Low GOES WF_ABBA Fire Categories 7

8. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions Web Site: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/index.html 8

9. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Intercontinental Transport of Biomass Burning Plumes Rationale Courtesy of J. Reid and D. Westphal, NRL-Monterey Because of non-linear effects, cases of intercontinental transport likely result in highest smoke impact efficiency. Increasing standards for air quality require that we consider intercontinental transport into the United States. Long range transport is usually associated with interesting meteorology. We need to understand and model this meteorology if we hope to understand the carbon cycle as well as long term forecasting. 9

10. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Smoke Events in Southern Texas Health alert is issued & News is released Jun Wang, U.S.Nair, Sundar A Christopher, Richard T. McNider, Jeff Reid, Elaine M. Prins, and Jim Sykzman: An Integrated System for Studying the effect of Central American smoke aerosols on air quality and climate over the Southeastern United States, Submitted to 13 th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 20–24 September 2004, Norfolk, Virginia. 10

11. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications 0-40-80-120-1604080120 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 GOES-EGOES-WMSGMTSAT (GOES-9 at 155 E) 160 IGOS GOFC/GOLD Global Geostationary Fire Monitoring Workshop March 23-25, 2004, EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany Workshop Goal To discuss, plan, and coordinate the development and implementation of a near real-time operational global geostationary fire monitoring network. Demonstration/feasibility Project http://gofc-fire.umd.edu/products/pdfs/Events/GOFC%20Geostationary.Workshop.SummaryReport.pdf 1.) Implement rapid scan GOES-10/-12 WF_ABBA in the U.S. to show the impact of high temporal geostationary fire monitoring capabilities on fire detection and suppression efforts. 2.) ORA and CIMSS will implement an experimental version of MSG WF_ABBA by June 2005 followed by MTSAT-1R in 2006. 3.) NRL-Monterey will demonstrate the impact of assimilating all available global geostationary fire products (GOES, MSG, MTSAT-1R) into the NAAPS. 4.) Validation efforts will be performed in coordination with the CEOS LPV working group Satellite View Angle: 80° 65° 11

12. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications GOES-R Simulated 3.9 micron Data Padua/Grand Prix Fires Date: 27-Oct-03 Time: 09:50 UTC GOES-12 Simulated 3.9 micron Data Padua/Grand Prix Fires Date: 27-Oct-03 Time: 09:50 UTC Brightness Temperature (K) GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Southern California Fires 12

13. NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Shortcomings and Deficiencies GOES-EGOES-W MSG MTSAT (GOES-9 at 155 E) The primary issue of concern is continued for a global geostationary fire monitoring system. Although a global geostationary fire monitoring network is technically feasible, it must be supported by NESDIS operations in order to sustain the activity and produce standardized long-term fire inventories of known accuracy. The primary issue of concern is continued operational support for a global geostationary fire monitoring system. Although a global geostationary fire monitoring network is technically feasible, it must be supported by NESDIS operations in order to sustain the activity and produce standardized long-term fire inventories of known accuracy. The operational cost for maintaining a global diurnal geostationary WF_ABBA monitoring system is fairly minimal (<$50-75k per year) considering the impact. Failure to implement/maintain will result in a lost opportunity to utilize international environmental satellites to monitor global biomass burning in a cost-effective manner. The second issue of concern is a reduction in collaborative personnel within the Biomass Burning Monitoring Team at UW- Madison CIMSS for at least the next year. Total fed personnel: 1 at 50% Total CIMSS personnel: 1 at 50% 13