1. Machines and Mechanical Advantage Archimedes (Greek mathematician, 287 to 212 B.C.) said, “Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth,” meaning that if he had a lever long enough, he could move the Earth by his own effort

2. Mechanical Advantage (M.A.) the number of times a machine multiplies the effort force (F E ) put into it the more times the machine multiplies the effort force, the easier the job

3. M.A. = Mechanical Advantage F R = Resistance Force or Load F E = Effort Force D E = Effort Distance D R = Resistance Distance M.A.= F R D E F E D R Mechanical Advantage formula or

4. Example problem using forces What is the mechanical advantage of a machine where an effort force of 20 N will lift a load of 180 N? F R = 180N MA = F R 180N/20N 9 F E = 20N F E given formula set up problem answer w/ unit of measurement There is no unit of measurement on mechanical advantage

5. Example problem using distances What is the mechanical advantage of a machine where an effort distance of 20 meters will lift a load of 5 meters high? D R = 5m MA = D E 20m/5m 4 D E = 20m D R given formula set up problem answer w/ unit of measurement There is no unit of measurement on mechanical advantage

6. Six Types of Simple Machines basically a ramp has no moving parts decreases the effort force needed to move an object but increases the distance necessary to move it 1. Inclined Plane The Inclined Plane Family

8. Wedge an incline plane that moves through something normally made up of two inclined planes

9. Screw an inclined plane that is wrapped around to form a spiral multiplies the effort force by increasing the distance

10. Lever a rigid bar that is free to pivot on a fulcrum Three classes of levers –First Class The Lever Family

11. –Second class

12. –Third class the only lever that does not multiply the effort force but is does increase speed and distance of what you are moving

13. Pulley a rope, belt, chain… wrapped around a grooved wheel changes the direction of the force may multiply the effort force to lift heavy loads when using many pulleys

15. Wheel and Axle a lever or pulley connected to a shaft –the wheel is the larger circle/lever/pulley –the axle is the smaller circle/shaft/axle

16. Compound Machines a combination of two or more simple machines