1. Passive Transport (moving particles in with the concentration gradient)

2. Diffusion
Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration.

3. Concentration Gradient
The difference in concentration of molecules across a space

4. Equilibrium
When there is no concentration gradient.

5. Osmosis
The movement of water across a membrane (Special type of diffusion)

8. 3 Types of Solutions Hypotonic Solution - less
Isotonic Solution - same
Hypertonic Solution - more
Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution

9. LOW Hypotonic Solution HIGH LOW HIGH
Solution that has less dissolved solutes than the cell.
Instead Water flows from where it is most concentrated
HIGH
Salt would like to flow out of the cell but it cannot get out because of the cell membrane.
Into the cell where there is more salt and less water
LOW
Less salt on outside of cell
LOW
More salt on the inside
HIGH

10. Result of Hypertonic Solution on red blood cells

11. H2O H2O Isotonic Solution
Solution that has an equal amount of solutes as the cell.
H2O
H2O

12. Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic

13. H2O Hypertonic Solution
Solution that has more dissolved solutes than the cell.
H2O

15. How Cells Deal With Osmosis
Paramecium have a contractile vacuole to get rid of excess water.

16. Turgor Pressure
The pressure that water exerts against a cell wall.

17. Plasmolysis
When plant cell membranes pull away from the cell wall.

18. Facilitated Diffusion
Molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through the membrane use facilitated diffusion to get through the membrane with the help of a carrier protein.

19. Carrier Proteins
Carrier Proteins- are found embedded in the membrane that change shape to allow larger molecules to cross.

20. Ion Channels
Open and close to allow ions to flow down their concentration gradients.