3. Osmosis

5. 1mol=1moleculgram disolved particle
Osmol :
1Osmol =1mol disolved particles
1mol=1moleculgram disolved particle

6. Measurement of osmolarity a solution
Vant hoff law :
Osm=CxNx
C=concentration
N=number of particles
=osmotic coefficient

7. Supply the solution of Nacl 290 mosm
Osm= CxNx
0.29=Cx2x0.93
C=0.155mol = gr
1mol Nacl gr
x=9.067gr
Nacl = 0.93

8. Isotonic solutions Exert the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.
Medically 5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl are used their solute concentrations provide an osmotic pressure equal to that of red blood cells
H2O

9. Hypotonic Solutions Lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells
Lower concentration of particles than RBCs
In a hypotonic solution, water flows into the RBC
The RBC undergoes hemolysis; it swells and may burst.
H2O

10. Hypertonic Solutions Has higher osmotic pressure than RBC
Has a higher particle concentration
In hypertonic solutions, water flows out of the RBC
The RBC shrinks in size
H2O

11. Isosmotic solutions Equal osmolarity
But may still result in a change in cell volume
Due to differences in the electrochemical gradient
Or membrane permeability to particular solutes 11

12. A little sedimentation Some swell RBC
Post centrifuge observation
Microscopic observation
transparency
result
New NaCl
concentration
Distiled water
volume
Volume of Nacl2% No
Cloudy plasma,
No sedimentation
No cell
Complete transparent
Complete hemolysis 0% 5 1
0.1%
4.75
.25 2
Cloudy plasma
A little sedimentation
Some swell RBC
Semi transparent
Relative hemolysis,
Swell young RBCs
0.4% 4 3
Semi Cloudy plasma
More sedimentation
Swell RBC
Cloudy
Swell, hemolysis ofold RBCs
0.6%
3.5
1.5
Normal sedimentation
NL RBC
cloudy
normal
0.9%
2.75
2.25
Less sedimentation
Shrinkage RBC
shrinkage 2% 6

13. Post centrifuge observation
Microscopic observation
transparency
result NO
Cloudy plasma,
No sedimentation
No cell
Complete transparent
Complete hemolysis
Iso osmotic urea 7
Normal sedimentation
NL RBC
Cloudy
Shrink age, then normal
Iso osmotic urea,isotonic NaCl 8
More sedimentation
Some swell RBC
Raletive
Swell
Iso osmotic KCl 9
Unknown solution 10

14. Hypotonic solution