1. The Cardiovascular System
By: Alexis Jimenez and Bricia Zuniga
Period 5

2. The Human Heart

3. What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?
Transportation of nutrients,
oxygen and hormones to cells
throughout the body and the
removal of metabolic wastes

4. Introduction A normal heart has… 4 chambers: 2 upper, called atriums
2 lower, called ventricles
4 valves:
Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and
pulmonary
The septum separates the right
and left sides of the heart

5. Introduction, cont. Coverings of the heart The Pericardium
The Parietal Pericardium
Fibrous Layer
Serous Layer
The Visceral Pericardium
Also called Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

6. Introduction, cont. 3 Different Types of Blood Vessels Arteries:
3 Layers
Deliver blood to capillaries
Capillaries:
Thin and fragile
Veins:
Receive blood from capillaries

7. Blood Path 10. Mitral Valve Superior Vena Cava 11. Left Ventricle
9. Left Atrium
2. Inferior Vena Cava
12. Aortic Valve
8. Pulmonary Veins
3. Right Atrium
4. Tricuspid Valve
7. Pulmonary Artery
5. Right Ventricle
6. Pulmonary Valve

8. Blood Path, cont.

9. Blood Pressure Filtration Glomerular Filtration What is the Glomerular
Filtration Rate? (GFR)
What affects the GFR?
Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure

10. Blood Pressure, cont. Systole vs. Diastole Systolic: occurs near
beginning of cardiac cycle
Diastolic: occurs near end
of cardiac cycle
How do they function together?
Both numbers provide the blood pressure
Ex: 110 over 17 (written 110/17)
110 is systolic, 17 diastolic

11. Blood Pressure, cont. Pressure vs. Distance pressure- distance
Distance- how far blood
circulates throughout the body
Plasma and proteins
Blood volume
Blood pressure homeostasis
*What the heck is pressure vs. distance?

12. Blood Pressure, cont. Cardiac output: the measure of
the amount of blood that is
pumped out of the heart in 1
minute
1 factor of how a person’s blood pressure is determined
*Need visual

13. Heartbeat and Sounds How are sounds generated?
Noises are generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it
How is sound created?
Produced by the closing of the AV valves and semilunar valves
2 sounds: S1 S2
*include average healthy heartbeat?? - 60 to 70 per minute I think

14. Heartbeat and Sounds, cont.

15. Conduction Tissues: Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Cells:
Epithelial cells

16. Conduction, cont. The bundle of His: muscle fibers that conduct the
electrical impulses that
regulate heartbeat
Atrioventricular bundle
Bundle branches: connected to bundle of His and lead to lower ventricles
Purkinje fibers: conduct impulses through the heart
Located in beneath the tissues that line serous cavity

17. Conduction, cont. Action Potential Non-pacemaker Action Potentials
“fast response”
Rapid depolarization
Found throughout the heart except for the pacemaker cells
Pacemaker Cells
"slow response"
Slower rate of depolarization
Found in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes of the heart

18. Conduction, cont. SA Node: known as the heart’s “pacemaker”
Fires at regular intervals causing the heart to beat
Sinoatrial node
AV Node:
The electrical “relay
station” between
atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular node

19. Conduction, cont. Regulation SA Nod AV Nod Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic nervous
system: speeds up heart
parasympathetic nervous system: slows down

20. Works Cited