1. Notes for studying

3.  The land of South Asia is dominated by three main types of physical features. Mountains, rivers, and the massive triangular- shaped peninsula of India.  The evolution of Indian history and culture can be understood with a proper appreciation of its geography.

4.  The water in the Indus River mainly comes from melting glaciers and natural springs from the mountains that surround it.  As the water runs down the mountain it picks up fertile silt.  This area would flood at least one time every year and provide irrigation water for farmers. When the flood waters went away it left a thin layer of fertile silt.

5.  It is the longest river in India.India  Flows from Himalayan Mountains to the Bay of Bengal.  The Ganges River is the most sacred river to India's Hindu population.

6.  The importance of Himalayas in India lies in the fact that the Himalayan Mountain have proved to be the source of everything —  Provides protection,  Increased the fertility of the soil  Above all protected the country and its people from the piercing cold winds of Central Asia.  The Himalayas act as a mighty division. The moisture laden south-west monsoon is obstructed by this high mountain wall and as a result, there is abundant rainfall in different parts of the country. This rainfall helps agriculture.  The extremely cold wind blowing out from central Asia in winter cannot reach India because of the position of the Himalayas on the northern border.

7.  The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world.  Forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular in shape  Provides  Transportation  Trade  Food Source

8.  The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface.  It is surrounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia,  Provided  Trade  Transportation  Food