1. Methods of Landfilling
ENVM 649: Principles of Waste Management and Pollution Control
Dr. Robert Beauchamp

2. AREA METHOD EXCAVATION - FLAT SURFACE COMPACTION/LINER
SUCCESSIVE LAYERS-WASTE
INTERMEDIATE COVER-SOIL

3. RAMP METHOD FOR SLOPING SURFACE EXCAVATE WORKING FACE
COMPACTION & COVER WITH SOIL

4. TRENCH METHOD EXCAVATE PARALLEL TRENCHES/NO LINER CONSTRUCT BERMS
TRENCHES PERPENDICULAR TO WIND DIRECTION
COVER WITH SOIL

5. LANDFILL CAPACITY/AIR SPACE
CONSIDERATIONS-AREA TO BE COVERED, DEPTH OF WASTE, RATIO OF WASTE TO SOIL. RATIO OF 4 TO 1 IS BEST.
AIR SPACE:
THE VOLUME AVAILABLE INTO WHICH WASTE AND COVER CAN BE PLACED.

6. DISADVANTAGES OF A SANITARY LANDFILL
AESTHETICS (LITTER)
GASES
LEACHATE
BIRDS
FIRES
ODORS
PESTS
INJURY FROM SCAVENGING

7. GAS CONTROL > 5% = EXPLOSIVE METHANE KILLS VEGETATION
GAS MIGRATION FOLLOWS PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE EFFECTS.
SOIL EFFECTS

8. GAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS
PASSIVE VENTS - TRENCHES OR GAS VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE.
ACTIVE SYSTEM - REMOVES GAS UNDER VACUUM FROM LANDFILL.

9. CONTROL GAS MIGRATION NOTE: ANY TRACE CONTAMINANTS CAN BE
INSTALL RECOVERY WELLS NEAR LANDFILL PERIMETER.
IF METHANE CONCENTRATION > 15% WILL SUPPORT FLAME, GAS CAN BE FLARED
METHANE CONCENTRATION > 35% - RECOVER ENERGY.
NOTE: ANY TRACE CONTAMINANTS CAN BE
CAPTURED BY PASSING GAS THROUGH A CARBON
FILTER.

10. LEACHATE CONTROL WATER PASSING THROUGH WASTE CREATES LEACHATE.
LEACHATE GENERATION:
RATES = AMOUNT OF H2O IN = AMOUNT OF LEACHATE OUT (LAG).
INFLUENCED BY:
CLIMATE
SITE TOPO. VEGETATIVE COVER
FINAL SOIL COVER
OPERATING PROCEDURES.

11. PREDICTING LEACHATE PRODUCTION RATES
PROCEDURE:
CALCULATE A WATER BALANCE
HELP MODEL - CALCULATES A WATER BALANCE
SIMULATES WATER MOVEMENT. 

12. PREVENTING LEACHATE MOVEMENT INTO UNDERLYING SOIL
REGULATORY AGENCIES REQUIRE LINER TO HAVE A PERMEABILITY < 10-7 CM/SEC.

13. LEACHATE REMOVAL = OR > 1 FOOT OF LEACHATE
COLLECTION PIPES TO A STORAGE TANK & REMOVAL.

14. LEACHATE TREATMENT OPTIONS
RECYCLING THROUGH THE LANDFILL
ON-SITE TREATMENT
DISCHARGE TO A SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT.
COMBINATION OF APPROACHES