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Published byFerdinand Mathews Modified over 9 years ago
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By Sewvanda Hewa Thumbellage Don, Meshegna Shumye, Owen Paxton, Mackenzie Cook, Jonathon Lee, Mohamed Khelifi, Rami Albustami, Samantha Trifoli 1
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Motivations 3
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Applications Radios Walkie-Talkies Spy Equipment Security and Alarm Systems Carleton Class room Microphones Heart Rate monitors and Medical Applications Without the Phone!!! 4
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Block Diagram Feedback Loop Channel Select Filter Phase Locked loop FM demodulator Audio Amp Mixer FM modulator LNA PA Bandpass Filter Channel Select Voltage Control Oscillators Frequency Synthesis 5
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3mm 1.3mm 6
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Samantha Trifoli samanthatrifoli@cmail.carleton.ca Transistor Modelling and The Carleton University Fabrication Process 7
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Transistor Modelling 5µm Length Transistor with Original Parameter Values Extracted dataOriginally Calculated Parameter fit data V G =5V V G =4V V G =3V V G =2V V G =1V V G =0V 8
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Transistor Modelling 5µm Length Transistor with Parameter Fit Values Extracted dataParameter fit data V G =5V V G =4V V G =3V V G =2V V G =1V V G =0V 9
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Transistor Modelling 2.5µm Length Transistor with Original Parameter Values Extracted dataOriginally Calculated Parameter fit data V G =5V V G =4V V G =3V V G =2V V G =1V V G =0V 10
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Transistor Modelling 2.5µm Length Transistor with Parameter Fit Values Extracted dataParameter fit data V G =5V V G =4V V G =3V V G =2V V G =1V V G =0V 11
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Minimum Transistor Length 5µm 2.5µm Minimum transistor length in the Carleton Fabrication Lab is typically 5µm We pushed it to 2.5µm for higher speed in our circuit 12
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Metal Mask Reticle 13
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Photoresist Machine used to spin on the photoresist in the Carleton University Fabrication Lab 14
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Process Variation Variations in the fabrication of our circuits causes variation in substrate doping and threshold voltage 15
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Sewvanda HT Don sewvandahewathumbell@cmail.carleton.ca Mixer 16
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Mixer Function Obtain a desired frequency using two given signals (RF and LO) RF Signal Local Oscillator f Desired Frequency 100.2MHZ 17
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Mixer Function 10 MHZ 100 MHz120 MHz f1 f1-f2f f1+f2f 110 MHZ f2 18
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Challenges Getting the Required Gain – No full size resistors – Resistors made from MOSFETs Third Order Intermodulation Products – Side effects of the mixing process – Falls near the Output Frequency making detection complex 19
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Intermodulation Products f1f2 2f1-f2 2f2-f1 20
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Schematic Current Mirror RF Modulation Local Oscillator Output Resistors 21
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FM modulator PA Bandpass Filter Channel Select Voltage Control Oscillators Frequency Synthesis Rami Albustami ramialbustami@cmail.carleton.ca FM POWER AMPLIFIER 22
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What is a Power Amplifier? Boosts the Output Power The final component just before the antenna in a transmitter 23
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Schematic Large! VDD V out V in 24
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Gain ≈ 25.7 dB With Input Power = -20 dBm 25
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1 dB Compression Point Power Amplifiers trades-off efficiency & linearity Gain ≈ 25.7 dB 26
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How far will the signal travel? 50 meters Free Space Path Loss ≈ 46.4 dB With Output Power ≈ 5.7 dBm Power Received ≈ -40.7 dBm 27
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Owen Paxton owenpaxton@cmail.carleton.ca PLL Frequency Synthesizer Feedback Loop Channel Select Filter Phase Locked loop FM demodulator Audio Amp Mixer FM modulator LNA PA Bandpass Filter Frequency Synthesis 28
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Frequency Synthesizer CLK Phase Frequency Detector Charge Pump VCO Divide By N 29
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Programmable Divide By N Challenges: Range 80MHz-110MHz Step Size 200KHz Divide by 400-550 Solution: Counter with programmable reset 30
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Phase Frequency Detector Consists of two flip flops and a NAND gate 31 CLK D Q
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D Flip Flop Simulation Time (us) Voltage (V) 32
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Charge Pump 33
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Current Mirror Simulation Input Voltage (V) Current (mA) 34
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[1] J.W.M. Rogers and C. Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design, 2nd ed., Norwood, MA; Artech House, 2010. [2] Adel Sedra and Kenneth Smith, Microelectronics Circuits, 6th ed., Oxford University, 2010. [3] Erik Dahlman, 3G Evolution, 2nd ed., Burlington, Ma; 2008. References [4] Steve C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communication, Norwood, MA; Artech House, 1999. 36
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Q&A 37
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