1. By: Cameron Marashi, Ryan Chandler, Steven Katziff, Nick Fedchock

2.  The South African government in the 1990’s legalized the voting of black South Africans and released those who were put into prison for their resistance of apartheid. The 1994 rewriting of the South African constitution abolished apartheid and allowed a free general election where Nelson Mandela won and became the first black president.  South Africa was forced to end apartheid because it was becoming too hard to control, Political leaders were starting to realize the negative effects of apartheid, other nations discussed the oppression of South African civil rights and were declaring bans on trade with South Africa until apartheid was abolished, and many protests of all people were forming.

3.  The Commonwealth of Nations opposed South Africa to become a member due to its apartheid policies, taking away their trade links.  The United Nations put up trade sanctions on South Africa because of their apartheid policies.  The Organization of African Unity worked with the UN by signing the Lusaka Manifesto, which condemned racism and inequity.  The Pan Africanist Congress led demonstrations against apartheid on March 21, 1960. The police later opened fire on this group and killed 69 people in what is known as the Sharpeville massacre. The African National Congress had won the election in 1994 when Nelson Mandela became president and ended apartheid.

4.  Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela- He set up a military wing in the ANC, which had violent tactics. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labor. He was then brought to stand trial with them for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. He was released on February 11, 1990 and became president in July 1994.  Walter Ulyate Sisulu- Through his early teens he was in the youth league for the ANC.. Sisulu joined Mandela and others in an underground organization called Umkonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation).Then in 1956 he was arrested and tried for treason with 156 others. He was released from prison at the end of 1989.He was imprisoned for 20yrs.Sizwe

5.  Michael Alan Harmel- In 1959 Harmel was appointed by the Communist Party as the first Editor of the Party’s new journal. He was appointed to the High Command of Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961. In 1962, Michael Harmel was one of the first people to be placed under 24 hour house arrest for 5 years. Michael Harmel was one of the most influential members of the South African Communist Party.Umkhonto we Sizwe

6.  Unemployment has risen to 38 percent from 32 percent in 1994.  The number of jobless has doubled.  More than half of blacks live below the poverty line, compared with about 10 percent of the rest of the country.  South Africa is the rape capital of the world it is conservatively estimated that they have 50,000 rapes per year.  South Africa is now an international drug-smuggling route, comparable to Colombia.  150-200 policemen are shot dead annually by violent criminals.

7.  "10 Years After Apartheid, South Africa in a Crisis - Captain Cynic Forums & Discussion." Forums Home. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Anti-Apartheid and Apartheid Leaders." About.com African History. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Biography." F.W. De Klerk -. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Biography." Nelson Mandela -. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Military." Anti-Apartheid Struggle. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Nelson Mandela (president of South Africa)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..

8.  "Nelson Mandela." About.com African History. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.  "Military." Anti-Apartheid Struggle. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Nelson Mandela (president of South Africa)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 26 Apr. 2012..  "Nelson Mandela." About.com African History. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.