1. Colonialism in South America Ms. Hunt Unit 2 RMS IB 2013-2014

2. Spanish Colonies THINK ABOUT IT?- Who lead Spanish exploration in the New World? La Isabella, first Spanish Colony established by Columbus in 1493. – Located in present day Dominican Republic Colony of Santo Domingo founded in 1496. – By 1508, 10,000 Spaniards were living there. 1511, Spanish establish a colony on the island of Cuba. – The Spanish massacre thousands of local people while conquering the island. (Pope’s decree- Force to convert to Christianity.)

3. Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1510- founded first European settlement on the mainland of the Americas – present day Panama. The colony, called Santa María la Antigua del Darién, lasted only until 1524 when it was burned down by Indians.

4. The Spanish come to Mexico April 21, 1519- 11 Spanish ships arrive off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, having set sail from the Spanish colony in Cuba Hernan Cortes- leader of the Spanish force – the force included 550 soldiers and 16 horses

5. Hernan Cortes- The Conquistador What is a Conquistador?- Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who came to the new world to seek glory and wealth. Born in 1485 in Spain Cortes was a university law student, when he dropped out in 1504 and moved to Santo Domingo – Seek “gold and glory” in the new world as a conquistador.

6. Cortes’ Campaign Against the Aztecs Cortes gets two lucky breaks 1)Montezuma, the Aztec king, thought Cortes might be a god, and welcomed him with lavish gifts and gold. 2)Discovered a Spanish prisoner who could communicate with the Aztecs What happened? The Spanish were impressed with the grandeur and riches of the Aztec capital But horrified by the barbarism and cruelty of the Aztecs. – Cortes immediately decided to put a stop to the cannibalism and human sacrifice Laid siege to the Aztec capital and takes the king as hostage Aztec people riot and Cortes forces the Aztec’s to surrender.

7. Why did the Spanish win? Predict- The Spanish had a much smaller force, so why did they win? Superior technology- steel weapons, guns, artillery, horses, steel armor. Indian allies – The Aztecs were so hated, it was easy for the Spanish to recruit the help of other Indians. Disease – European diseases, particularly small pox, devastated the Aztec population

8. Conquering the Incas Following the example of Cortes, Spanish conquistador Fernando Pizarro led an expedition to conquer the powerful Inca Empire in South America. 1530-1532 Pizarro’s expedition fought along the frontier of the Incan Empire. 1532- Pizarro and a force of about 180 men captured the Inca Emperor, Atahualpa – Hoping the Spanish will go away, Atahualpa offers Pizarro a room full of gold, if they will leave. Pizarro agreed, but instead had Atahualpa executed. By 1541, the Spanish have a vast empire stretching from present day California and Florida, to Chile.

9. People of Spanish Colonies Spanish Class System Peninsulare – Born in Spain. – Held High Positions Criollos – Spaniards born in the colonies. – Often wealthy, they could not hold government offices. Mestizos – People of Spanish and Indian heritage. – They were poor and without power. Africans and Indians – these people were at the bottom and held no power. – They were usually slaves.

10. The Economy of a Spanish Colony The Encomienda System- an economic system set up by the Spanish to make Spain wealthy off its colonies Under this system, Indians did all the work, like mining, farming, and ranching for Spanish landlords. – The Spanish however grew extremely rich of the gold, silver, coffee, sugar cane, and other crops the Indians grew for them. The Indians were poor, starving, and essentially slaves Effect- As thousands of Indians died from starvation, murder, and disease, the Spanish began to import Africans as slaves to do much of the work for them.

11. Brazil- The Portuguese Colony In 1500, Portuguese Sea Captain, Pedro Alvares Cabral discovers Brazil. – Goal was to reach India. The first permanent settlement was set up by the Portuguese in 1532. Economy- Sugar Can Industry – which led to the importation of millions of slaves from Africa Brazil would become the largest and most important colony in South America!

12. Slavery in the Colony of Brazil More slaves were sent to Brazil than to any other colony in South or North America. In Brazil, slave had many more rights than in North America. – Slaves could marry. – Slaves had to be baptized. – Slave families could not be broken up for sale. – Slaves had many days on which they could either rest or earn money to buy their freedom. The Government encouraged the granting of freedom of slaves. The Portuguese accepted the African slaves as humans, not as chattel, or property.

13. Think about it? Read the quote. “the Brazilian slave knew he was a man, and that he differed in degree, not in kind, from his master” Explain what you think that quote means. How might that attitude of and about Brazilian slaves make a difference in Brazilian culture today?

14. Reflection Choose any option from the “green sheet” at the front of your Interactive Notebook. Complete your reflection on the lined paper behind your guided notes.