1. LTE Mobility

2. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility2 Content of presentation Background, Requirements and Solutions for  Intra-LTE mobility  Inter-RAT mobility with GERAN/UTRAN  Inter-RAT mobility with CDMA2000

3. Intra-LTE mobility

4. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility4 Service requirements on intra-LTE mobility  Not so strong compared to other requirements such as user plane latency (< 10 ms), capacity, … –3GPP TR 25.913 only states that the service interruption should be less or equal than GSM CS  Looking at possible services today it is difficult to find some services with strong requirements –Voice works with < 200 ms –TCP should probably cope with 100 ms interruption as long as there are not packet losses –Play out buffers for streaming would probably be much larger than 200 ms  Requirements for future services are unknown

5. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility5 Radio requirements  The characteristics of the LTE radio system will lead to quite tough requirements on the intra-LTE mobility solution –No soft handover –Reuse 1 (potential for strong interference at street corners etc.) –Problems seen today when using hard handover in HSPA  This leads to a risk that UE is looses connection to serving cell before handover is completed (illustrated on next slide) –UE experiences a radio link failure, leading to longer service interruption

6. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility6 Cell 1 Cell 2 The serving cell (1) is no longer best cell Threshold (e.g. 3 dB) Cell 2 is X dB better than Cell 1 (handover is initiated) After this point the serving cell will no longer be able to communicate with terminal time power Mobility procedure need to finish in shorter time than this Cell 3 Risk for radio link failure

7. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility7 Handover Preparation Time in LTE The terminal performs continuous measurements on its own and neighboring cells and send measurement reports when required. Once the measurement report is sent the serving eNB can take a handover decision and start the handover preparation phase. When the terminal successfully receives the handover command no more communication is required in the source cell T1 is the time from when the handover should occur until it do occur UE Source eNode B Target eNode B 2.Handover Decision 3.Handover Request 4.Admission Control 5.Handover Request Ack. 7.Handover Command 6.Processing 1.Measurement Report UE filtering(e.g.100-200ms) T1

8. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility8 Conclusion / Way forward  Although current service requirements are not so strong it is still probably important to have a mobility solution in the standard that allows for very short service interruption –It is good to have a future proof solution since it might be difficult to add improvements at a later stage –PS VoIP performance in LTE need to as good as existing CS networks  Fast handover execution is important –Flat architecture and faster signaling channels etc. could help a bit –We will also continue to study handover performance to understand the issues –In case this turns out to be an issue we have introduced support for handover failure recovery (see later slides) which can be further improved in the products if needed

9. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility9 Intra-LTE mobility solution Basic principles  eNB controls the handover (network controlled handover) –Allows tuning, more predictable mobile behavior –Works well with network prepared resources (measurement report triggers preparation) –Some companies have pushed UE controlled handover (resources are setup when UE arrive) –Operators like network controlled handover probably for interoperability and tuning reasons  Lossless handover is supported –Good for TCP and the UDP Streaming performance

10. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility10 ~20 ms service interruption

11. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility11 Radio link failure Previous hot topic in 3GPP  In case UE looses contact with source cell it will select a new cell and send a RRC recovery request message (incl. UE identity and “shared secret”)  In case the eNB who receives knows the UE it would be possible to recover the connection with low service interruption –In case the serving eNB looses contact with the UE it can prepare neighbor eNBs about the potential arrival of the UE LTE NodeB

12. Inter-RAT mobility with GERAN / UTRA

13. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility13 Requirements  3GPP TR 25.913 requires service interruption below 300 ms  Most important is probably to support fall back from LTE (initial spotty coverage) to GERAN/UTRAN (high coverage), mobility in opposite direction also supported  Strong requirements have also lately come for supporting fall back from LTE PS VoIP to GSM/WCDMA CS as well as other forms of CS inter-working –So far multiple solutions are being studied. PS to CS fallback requires both radio and CN domain handover. Solutions for CS paging over LTE is studied.  Operators also put requirement on more flexible terminal steering mechanism (e.g. subscription based) both for Camping and Active users

14. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility14 Inter-RAT (GERAN/UTRAN) mobility (PS)  Basic principles similar to intra- LTE  Loss-less network controlled handover  The UE context is “converted” in the network during the handover preparation phase

15. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility15 Terminal Steering  The basic concept is that the terminal is assigned a list with the priorities of the different RATs and frequency bands (based on “subscription” information)  Different UEs can get different lists  A terminal in idle only searches for higher priority accesses  In active mode the eNB controls the access selection (can also be based on “subscription” information) 1. LTE1 2. LTE2 3. WCDMA 4. GSM Access Selection

16. Inter-RAT mobility with CDMA2000

17. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility17 Requirements  Work item was created at RAN plenary in December and Stage 2 CR was agreed (the solution is stable)  Requirements are the same as for inter-RAT handover with GERAN/UTRAN –Driven mainly by Verizon Wireless, but also KDDI, US Cellular, Alltel –Goal is to support smooth migration from 3GPP2 systems to LTE  Focus is on handover for “single radio” terminals from LTE to CDMA2000 EV-DO (HRPD) and also CS fallback for LTE VoIP (PS) to CDMA2000 1xRTT (CS) –CS fallback is already supported between EV-DO (PS) and 1xRTT (CS)

18. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility18 Principles for CDMA2000 mobility  Although the radio principles for CDMA2000 EV-DO is in many ways similar to HSPA the higher layer protocols stacks are very different from 3GPP accesses –Different security, UE context, addressing, identities, mobility concepts etc.  It was concluded it would not be possible to “convert” the UE context in the network without involving the UE  Instead a solution was adopted where the UE communicates with the target RAT in a tunnel over the source RAT –This minimizes the dependencies with between the different access (LTE doesn’t need to know so much about CDMA2000)

19. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility19 LTE to EV-DO handover PDN GW S1-MME S10 MME S11 UE E-UTRAN S7 SGi S1-U PCRF Operator's IP services Rx+ S2a S101 RNC/PCF PDSN CDMA2K EV-DO Serving GW S5 Handover command Access Similar solution is used for CS fallback

20. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility20 LTE to EV-DO handover Comments  The service interruption of the proposes solution should be similar to the service interruption experienced for handover to GERAN/UTRAN  The preparation time will however likely be longer since UE need to be involved in the preparation signaling  Solution is to separate the preparation into two phases –“pre-registration” which takes longer time and is performed in advance –“handover execution” which is faster and is performed at the handover instance

21. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility21 Conclusions on LTE Mobility  The LTE standard have good support for intra and inter-RAT mobility –Service interruption will be around 20 ms for intra-LTE handover and probably below 200 ms for inter-RAT handover –It is likely that the handover triggering will be faster in LTE compared to existing 3G networks  Fast handover execution is important in order to minimize the risk for radio link failure  CS fallback is important for operators, in order to be able to deploy VoIP on LTE

22. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Ericsson InternalLTE Mobility22