2.   Determine how the attitudes of both the writers and the characters reflect about the ideas of their day Recognizing Historical Details EventNameHistorical Context Battle Medical Practice Political Situation Social Attitudes

3.   The way that you perceive time in a literary selection may depend on the point of view from which it is told.  In selections told from an omniscient point of view, the narrator is an objective observer of everything that happens.  In selections told from a limited third-person point of view, the narrator relates the inner thoughts and feelings of a single character.  As the point of view shifts from omniscient to limited third-person, the emotional tone and sense of time change as well. Point of View

4.   A narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character’s mind.  Instead of being arranged in chronological order, the events are presented from the character’s or speaker’s point of view, mixed in with the character’s or speaker’s thoughts just as they might spontaneously occur. Stream of Consciousness

5.   The writer’s attitude toward the subject, characters, or audience.  Tone is created through a choice of words and details.  It may be formal or informal, friendly or distant. Tone

6.   A writer’s choice and arrangement of words  Gives a piece of writing its unique quality Diction

7.   Recognize or define the audience who will be interacting with the selection.  Analyze the purpose of the selection. Audience and Purpose

8.   Use your prior background knowledge to:  Analyze ideas  Analyze actions in historical context.  Analyze decisions Using Background Knowledge

9.   Determine whether the writer is  An active participant in events  An interested observer  This relationship affects the writer’s perspective and credibility. Identify the Writer’s Relationship to Events

10.   A fact is a statement that can be proved true.  An opinion is a judgment that cannot be proved, though it can be supported by arguments. Distinguish Fact from Opinion

11.   Charged words produce a strong emotional response.  Aphorisms are a brief, pointed statement expressing a wise or clever observation. Charged Words and Aphorisms AphorismMeaningPurpose

12.   Writing to get readers or listeners to think or act in a certain way.  A persuasive writer:  Appeals to emotions or reason  Offers opinions  Urges action Persuasion

13.   Logical Appeals (Logos) – reasoned arguments based on evidence  Emotional Appeals (Pathos) – efforts to engage the feelings of the audience  Ethical Appeals (Ethos) – references to the writer’s own sensitivity or fairness. Persuasive Appeals

14.   Restatement  Repeating an idea in a variety of ways. Persuasive Techniques

15.   Repetition  Restating an idea using the same words Persuasive Techniques

16.   Parallelism  Repetition of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure or the same meaning. Persuasive Techniques

17.   Rhetorical Question  Asking a question whose answer is self-evident. Persuasive Technique

18.  ExampleEffect Restatement Repetition Parallelism Rhetorical Question Analyzing Persuasive Techniques