1. Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety

2. Defining Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety
States
Trait

3. Measuring Arousal and Anxiety
Physiological signs (heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, biochemistry)
Global and multidimensional self-report surveys
e.g. Sport Anxiety Scale (trait anxiety)
e.g. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (trait)
e.g. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2

4. Trait and State Anxiety Relationship
High versus low trait anxious people usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations.

5. Stress and the Stress Process
Define Stress:
(continued)

6. Selye Model of Stress
Stage 1
The Stress Process
Three Phases of Stress Response
The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model that is comprised of three elements or phases which describe the body’s response to stress:
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

7. Three Phases of Stress Response
Selye Model of Stress
Stage 1
The Stress Process
Three Phases of Stress Response
Alarm- adrenaline, noradrenaline
Resistance – allocate energy
Exhaustion – lowered response
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

8. Stress and Stress Process Implications
Stress Management
Reduced by three methods:
Environmental Engineering
Somatic stress management
Cognitive stress management
In what stages of the stress process can we intervene?
How is stress best viewed?

9. Sources of Stress and Anxiety
Situational sources
____________
____________
Other?_____________
____________
Personal sources
____________
____________
Other? _____________

10. How Arousal and Anxiety Affect Performance
Drive theory
Inverted–U hypothesis
Individualized zones of optimal functioning
Multidimensional anxiety theory

11. Anxiety direction and intensity Significance of all these views
How Arousal and Anxiety Affect Performance
Catastrophe model
Reversal theory
Anxiety direction and intensity
Significance of all these views

12. Why Arousal and Anxiety Influence Performance
Increased muscle tension and coordination difficulties
Attention and concentration changes: - -

13. Why Arousal Influences Performance
Attentional narrowing

14. Implications for Practice
Interactional Model of Anxiety

15. Implications for Practice
Recognize arousal and state anxiety signs (feeling ill, dazed,muscle tension etc.)
Tailor coaching strategies to individuals:
Different strokes for different folks.
Sometimes arousal and state anxiety must be reduced, other times maintained, and other times facilitated.
Develop performers’ confidence.

16. Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Cold, clammy hands
Constant need to urinate
Profuse sweating
Negative self-talk
Dazed look in eyes
(continued)

17. Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Feel ill
Headache
Cotton (dry) mouth
Constantly sick
Difficulties sleeping
(continued)

18. Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Increased muscle tension
Butterflies in stomach
Inability to concentrate
Consistently perform better in non-evaluative situations
Others? _______________________