2. “A person who hath conference with the Devil to consult with him or to do some act” ~ Chief Justice Coke (England, 1620s)

3. Ancient beliefs of witches Medieval superstitions Christian beliefs

4. Women became increasingly identified with witchcraft and magic Groups targeted: More concern with power of the devil and his influence in daily life Use of magic increasingly connected to demonology and thus heresy

5. From Greek “Daimon” meaning supernatural spirit unrelated to a god From Christianity – fallen angel who is not part of heaven Relationship between demonology and witchcraft is crucial

6. Control the weather Create love spells Cause death Create potions and ointments

9. What accounts for the growing persecution of witchcraft? Reformation Religious instability leads to persecution Leaders prove piety through persecution Socioeconomic Inflation War Famine Demographic Late marriages and unmarried women leave many outside male control Intellectual More religious and lay leaders concerned with finding witches Awareness of devil in everyday life Legal Prosecution is easier