1. C1
Ludwig’s angina
Ludwig’s angina is a rapidly progressive, potentially fulminant cellulitis
involves the sublingual and submandibular spaces
typically originates from an infected or recently extracted tooth
lower second and third molars

2. C1
Spread of process superiorly and posteriorly elevates floor of mouth and tongue.
In anterior spread, the hyoid bone limits spread inferiorly, causing a "bull neck" appearance
Am Fam Physician 1999;60:109-12

3. Predisposing factors dental caries recent dental treatment
sickle cell disease
a compromised immune system
trauma
tongue piercing
Am Fam Physician 1999;60:109-12

4. Etiologic Organisms Common Staphylococcus Streptococcus Bacteroides
Atypical
Pseudomonas
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Enterococcus faecalis
Candida
Clostridium
The most commonly cultured organisms include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides species.[3] Patients with immunocompromising conditions, such as HIV, diabetes, transplant recipients, and alcoholics, are at risk for infection from a variety of atypical organisms. Atypical organisms isolated in these patients include Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida, and Clostridium.[54]
Bansal A, Miskoff J, Lis RJ. Otolaryngologic critical care. Crit Care Clin. 2003;19:55-72 Spitalnic SJ, Sucov A. Ludwig's angina: case report and review. J Emerg Med. 1995;13:
Crit Care Clin. 2003;19:55-72
J Emerg Med. 1995;13: