1. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF HIGH MOISTURE CO-PRODUCTS FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN BEEF OPERATIONS Ashley Nelson, Joel Baskett, Kelsey Vincent Agricultural Systems Technology Seniors Dan Loy, Daryl Strohbehn Animal Science Department Carl Bern, Tom Brumm Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Deoartmnent Iowa State University

2. Introduction  Background  Objective  Procedure  Results & Discussion  Recommendations  Acknowledgements  Sources  Questions

3. Background Ethanol Production  Alcohol produced from starch or sugar-based feedstocks  Common feedstock sources in the Midwest  corn  barley  wheat  milo  Projected12-13 billion gallons of ethanol in 2009  Two common methods  Dry mill production  Wet mill production

4. Background Ethanol Co-Products  Dry milling  distillers grains  distillers solubles  carbon dioxide  Wet Milling  corn gluten meal  corn gluten feed  corn germ meal  corn oil  carbon dioxide  high fructose corn syrups Corn Gluten Meal http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50357476/Corn_Gluten_Meal.jpg Distillers Grain Strohbehn http://images.inmagine.com/168nwm/pixtal/pt168/CD168077.jpg Corn Oil

5. Background Distillers Grains  Three types  Dry distillers grains (DDG) ~10% moisture content  Wet distillers grains (WDG) ~65% moisture content  Distillers grains with solubles (DDGS/WDGS) ~48-52% moisture content DDG Strohbehn WDG DDGS/WDGS http://www.pinalenergyllc.com/images/E0164201/WDGS.JPG

6. Background Storage of High Moisture Co-Products  Containment of co-products until final use  Common storage and preservation practices  Additives Mixing with feedstuff Chemical preservation  Fresh piles Covered Uncovered Bunk-contained  Silage bags Strohbehn

7. Background Handling of High Moisture Co-Products  Processing and delivery from storage site to animal feed site  Common handling equipment  Loader  Mixer/feeder http://www.agriculturaltraders.co.nz/images/Implements/keenan-mixing-wagon.jpg http://www.farmequipmentunlimited.com/watkinskubota/mloader_grapple.jpg

8. Objective  Determine and understand practices and procedures users are employing in storage and handling of high moisture co-products  Identify problems users have with the practices and procedures  Discover areas for equipment and practice improvements

9. Procedure  Collaborate with Iowa Beef Center (IBC) to define need in research area  Surveys on understanding of topic from  Beef Producer’s operation  Veterinarian and Feed Specialists (client’s operation)  Compiled data into Excel spreadsheets  Statistical analysis of data  Wrote publication for IBC www.proteinpower.com/drmike/wp-content/uploads

10. Procedure  The surveys  Collaborated with IBC  Funded by Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture grant  Two separate surveys Common practices by users Known problems associated with high moisture products Determine research areas  Total scope included 2,309 subjects from all over Iowa 2,145 Beef Producers 337 were completed & returned 11% return rate 164 Veterinarians & Feed Specialists 49 were completed & returned 30% return rate

11. Results & Discussion  45% use high moisture co-products  44% do not feed them  11% used them, but have discontinued  94% of clients use high moisture co-products  Remaining clients have used them, but discontinued Storage problems Inconsistency in product quality Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

12. Results & Discussion Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results 59% of producers are willing to pay $5 or less per ton for extended shelf life This differs from Beef Producers, as 64% say they combine it with unspoiled product, and 28% separate & discard it.

13. Results & Discussion  Top practices willing to try to extend shelf life  Preservatives (chemical & biological)  Temporary storage (silage bags/plastic cover)  Top practices willing to recommend to extend shelf life  Temporary storage (silage bags/plastic cover)  Permanent storage surface (concrete slab) Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

14. Results & Discussion  Co-products are fed to grazing cattle by 76% of clients  Primary reasons include Enhance nutrition Increase carrying capacities Veterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

15. Results & Discussion Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

16. Results & Discussion Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

17. Results & Discussion  Challenges adjusted by Producers feeding co-products  Order of ingredients (84%)  Mixing time (47%)  Type of equipment (20%) Beef Producer Study Results

18. Results & Discussion Beef Producer Study ResultsVeterinarian & Feed Specialist Study Results

19. Results & Discussion  Agreement between groups  Acceptable amount of spoilage of 1-10%  Moisture variation Load-by-load, plant differences Causes problems with transportation, storage, & handling  Metering problems when trying to handle and transport co-products

20. Recommendations  Suggested areas of design for easier delivery include:  Systems for smaller feeders in cow/calf operations to utilize both WDGS and Syrup more effectively  Better flowability of co-product  Justifiable cost of equipment  Liquid tank designed to unload with air pressure

21. Recommendations  Implementing a grading system  Specifications for sulfur, particle size, moisture content, fat & protein levels,  Uniform classes of co-products  Marketable and less variable  Standard for spoilage  Determine acceptable amount of spoiled co-product can be feed to livestock

22. Further Information Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2009  Animal Science Leaflet R2417 Storage and Handling of High Moisture Co-Products from Ethanol Production in Beef Operations: Feed Specialist and Veterinarian Study  Animal Science Leaflet R2416 Storage and Handling of High Moisture Co-Products from Ethanol Production in Beef Operations: Beef Producer Study

23. Acknowledgements  Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, funding  IBC Extension Field Livestock Specialists, survey mailing list  Charles Schwab, ABE professor  Matt & Julie Johnson, Bre McCubbin, Alaina Holdgrafer, Dana North, and Benaiah Anabaraonye, collating assistance  Julie Roberts and Trina Zimmer, IBC secretaries

24. Sources  Bampidis, V.A. and Robinson, P.H. 2005. Citrus by-products as ruminant feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 128(3- 4): 175-217.  EIA. 2005. Energy kid’s page-ethanol timeline. Energy Information Administration. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/history/timelines/ethanol.html March 9, 2008. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/history/timelines/ethanol.html  EPIC. 2008. Producing ethanol. Ethanol Promotion and Information Council. http://www.drivingethanol.org/ethanol_facts/producing_ethanol.aspx March 9, 2008 http://www.drivingethanol.org/ethanol_facts/producing_ethanol.aspx  Garcia, A.D., K.F. Kalscheur, and D.J. Schingoethe. 2006. Distillers grains for dairy cattle. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx4022.pdf March 11, 2008. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx4022.pdf  Garcia, A.D. and K.F. Kalscheur. 2004. Ensiling wet distillers grains with other feeds. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx4029.pdf March 10, 2008. http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx4029.pdf  Garrelts, Matt. 2008. Personal communication. March 25, 2008.  GWG Wood Group. 2006. Picture of walking floor trailer. http://gwgwoodgroup.com/delivery.html October 6, 2008.http://gwgwoodgroup.com/delivery.html  Ives, Randy. 2007. Distillers grains present and future. UBE Ingredients. http://www.harvestcleanenergy.org/conference/HCE7/PDFs/Ives.pdf March 9, 2008. http://www.harvestcleanenergy.org/conference/HCE7/PDFs/Ives.pdf  Lardy, Dr. Greg. 2003. Feeding coproducts of the ethanol industry to beef cattle. North Dakota State University Extension Service. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1242.pdf March 9, 2008. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1242.pdf  Loy, Daniel and Miller, Wendy. 2002. Ethanol coproducts for cattle: wet distillers feeds for feedlot cattle. Iowa State University Extension. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/IBC19.pdf March 9, 2008.http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/IBC19.pdf  McGinnis, Laura. 2007. Fueling America-without petroleum. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/apr07/petro0407.pdf March9, 2008.http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/apr07/petro0407.pdf  Mn-TAP. 2006. Livestock producers accepting food by-products. Minnesota Technical Assistance Program. www.mntap.umn.edu March 11, 2008.www.mntap.umn.edu  RFA. 2005. How ethanol is made. Renewable Fuels Association. http://www.ethanolrfa.org/resource/made/ March 9, 2008.http://www.ethanolrfa.org/resource/made/  Shaw, Ronald. 2008. Personal communication. March 12, 2008.

25. Questions