1. DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA AND INDIA

2. Essential Question:
What was decolonization and how did decolonization impact India?

3. The Post-World War II World
What will happen in world history in the years after World War II (1945 to today)?
Examine the next four images and make a prediction about what will happen in the world after World War II (with exception to the Cold War)

4. Nations in India, Southeast Asia, and Africa gained independence from imperialists (decolonization)

5. After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China adopted some capitalist reforms but the government still strictly controlled personal liberties

6. Trade became more global (known as globalism) as technology expands, markets grow, and corporations became dominant business organizations

7. Ethnic conflicts, genocide, and terrorism increased throughout the world

8. Nationalism– the loyalty to a group with whom one shares a common history, culture, and/or religion.

9. Nationalism in India began
in the 1800s.
Indians did not like being under British colonial rule because:
They were treated badly
British got the best jobs
British got the best education
Indian craftsmen were not
allowed to run traditional
businesses because they
would compete with
British businesses.

10. Example
All Indian cotton had to be shipped to Britain then made into cloth. Cloth making was a traditional job in India.
Finished products would be shipped back to India to be purchased.

11. Two groups fighting for Indian rights
Indian National Congress (1885) – mainly made up of Hindus Indians.
Muslim League (1906) - Islamic Indians.
As the groups better organized they began to call for independence

12. During World War I, India sent troops to fight with the British against the Central Powers in Europe
The British government promised Indians self-rule as a reward for participating in WWI

13. During WWI
Indians fought alongside the British hoping to gain control of their government.
Britain had promised that at the end of the war India would work toward self government but they broke the promise.

14. When World War I ended and self-rule was not granted, nationalism and demands for independence from Britain increased in India

15. Rowlatt Act Indians could be sent to jail for 2 years without a trial.
Protestors of British rule were arrested under the Act.

16. Amristar Massacre
In April 1919, British troops fired on a large group of protestors.
400 were killed and 1200 wounded.
This united ALL Indian citizens to call for total independence.

17. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement in the 1920s

18. Gandhi urged Indians to use non-violent means to achieve their goals

19. Gandhi’s tactics included deliberately breaking unfair British laws (called civil disobedience)

20. Civil Disobedience Gandhi’s non-violent refusal to obey an unfair law.
Boycott British made goods
Refuse to attend 2nd class schools
Refuse to pay unfair taxes.
Civil Disobedience began to effect the British economy.

21. Gandhi encouraged peaceful protests and boycotting British goods in order to hurt the British colonial economy

22. Mahatma Gandhi BrainPop
**Review Quiz and Activity at the end of Video**

23. Title
But, self-rule created tensions between the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority, who feared giving power to Hindus
In 1935, Britain granted India limited self-rule but not total independence

24. 1935 – Government of India Act, gave some self government to India.
1939 when WWII began Britain offered to make India a dominion but Gandhi and Indian National Congress refused. However they said they would not take sides.
Muslim League supported the British because they were worried what independence would bring.

25. This led to protests and renewed calls for independence from Britain
When World War II broke out, Britain committed Indian troops to the war without asking India’s self-governing assembly
This led to protests and renewed calls for independence from Britain

26. When World War II ended in 1945, Britain was in deeply in debt and ready to grant India its independence
After WWII, India was no longer as profitable as it once was for Britain; also, Britain was in no shape to fight after WWII and could not put down an Indian rebellion

27. India was a nation made up largely of Hindus
Title
Pakistan was dominated by Muslims (East Pakistan later became Bangladesh)
India was a nation made up largely of Hindus
Text
In 1947, Britain agreed to a partition (division) of India and granted independence to two nations: India and Pakistan

28. But, violence between Hindus and Muslims made granting independence difficult

29. The first major colony to gain independence was India in 1947
At the end of World War II, many nations in Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialists
This trend of Africans and Asians freeing themselves of Europeans who controlled their nations was known as decolonization
The first major colony to gain independence was India in 1947

30. But, violence between Hindus and Muslims made granting independence difficult

31. During the partition, ten million people relocated; violence broke out, leaving one million dead, including Gandhi; he was assassinated by a fellow Hindu in 1949

32. The Hindu assassin opposed Gandhi trying to achieve equality for ALL Indians, both Hindus and Muslims

33. Title
In 1947, India became the world’s most populated democratic nation; Jawaharlal Nehru was elected India’s first prime minister
Text
Nehru emphasized democracy, unity, and modernizing India
In the Cold War, India was a leader among non-aligned nations
Under Nehru, women and lower caste Hindus gained rights

34. Title
Text
In 1966, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi, was elected prime minister; she was also assassinated

35. Title
Text
The violence in India and Pakistan is mainly due to religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims; the after-effects of British rule only made these conflicts worse

36. Crash Course Video Decolonization and Nationalism

37. Acrostic Poem Create an Acrostic Poem on the following topics:
Decolonization
Gandhi
India
**Remember, each verse must be about the topic!