1. English II 21 August 2012

2. Separate items in a series After an introductory phrase or word To set off a direct address Interrupters Some appositives At least two items in a date or an address To avoid misreading Coordinate adjectives

3. Example: Mom, Dad, and Carla packed for their vacation.

4. Interjections- words that show emotion or exclamation Example: Wow, what a beautiful girl! In the light of the moon, the flowers opened. DO NOT USE A COMMA IF THE VERB COMES DIRECTLY AFTER THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. At the edge of the garden were many flowers.

5. Example: Marquis, do you have a ruler? Next, class, we will begin our practice assignment. We changed your oil, Mr. Harris.

6. Example: He was, I believe, a talented athlete. You, on the other hand, are exempt from the assignment.

7. Example: Vanessa, my favorite cousin, is coming to visit me. WHEN THE OPPOSITIVE IS NESSECARY, A COMMA IS NOT. My favorite cousin Vanessa is coming to visit me.

8. Example: Biloxi, Mississippi, is found on the Gulf of Mexico. On the Gulf of Mexico is Biloxi, Mississippi. On December 22, 1981, I was born.

9. Example: Those who can, can go home now. In the summer, time seems to fly more quickly. DO NOT USE COMMAS TO SEPARATE “had had” He had had the mumps before he had the measles.

10. Two or more adjectives that modify the same noun EQUALLY. Hint, they can be flipped without changing the sentence’s meaning. Example: It was a cool, windy night. She was a sweet, thoughtful girl.

11. Direct quotes- when you tell a person’s exact words Titles of shorter works

12. When the speaker comes at the beginning of the sentence, put the comma after the noun or pronoun. The end punctuation will go inside the quotation mark if it is a simple statement. Example: The boy asked, “Can I have ice cream?” His mother squalled, “You are spoiled!”

13. With a simple statement, the period becomes a comma inside the quote. “I want some ice cream,” Willie stated. If it is an exclamation point or question mark, no comma is used. “He is a brat!” the girl exclaimed. “Do I have to?” he questioned.

14. You need commas surrounding the speaker, but YOU DO NOT CAPITALIZE the second half of the quote. “I like,” she said, “to ride horses.” “That girl,” the boy cooed, “is very pretty.”

15. Poems, but not epics Single TV Episodes Short Stories Speeches Song Titles Articles

16. Use a single quote within a quote. Megan answered, “The quote is actually ‘Money doesn’t buy happiness.’” “Have you read,” Dane asked, “ the short story ‘The Lottery’?”