1. Multi-criteria analysis and ranking of alternative waste management schemes in Morocco Friday 19 June 2009 Prof. M. Loizidou and D. Malamis emails: mloiz@chemeng.ntua.gr&dmalamis@chemeng.ntua.grmloiz@chemeng.ntua.grdmalamis@chemeng.ntua.gr website: www.uest.grwww.uest.gr

2. Introduction Rank alternative schemes for the management of domestic solid waste in Morocco. Ranking is based on the comparisons MSW management schemes according to their performances with respect to relevant social, environmental, financial and technical criteria.

3. Selection of 18 schemes for the management of domestic solid waste in Morocco which are based on combinations of the following techniques and technologies: Material Recovery through source separation Mechanical Sorting of mixed waste Biological treatment of the biodegradable fraction of MSW – Composting – Anaerobic digestion Thermal treatment – Incineration (with or without energy recovery) – Pyrolysis – Gasification Landfill

4. Scheme 1 (Landfill) Scheme 2 (Collection in one bin of recyclable materials)  Material Recovery Facility - MRF (recovery of glass, paper- plastics, Fe and non Fe metals) and in another the remaining waste  Landfill) Scheme 3 (Collection in one bin of recyclable materials)  MRF (recovery of glass, paper- plastics, Fe and non Fe metals) and in another bin the biodegradable  Composting and Residues  Landfill) Scheme 4 (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, paper- plastics, Fe and non Fe metals) and the remaining waste  Landfill) Scheme 5a (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics to end users), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Composting and Residues  Landfill) Scheme 5b (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics (combustible materials  Thermal treatment), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Composting and Residues  Landfill) 18 schemes for the management of MSW in Morocco

5. Scheme 6a (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics  to end users), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Anaerobic Digestion and residues  Landfill) Scheme 6b (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics (combustible materials  Thermal treatment), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Anaerobic Digestion and Residues  Landfill) Scheme 7a (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics (combustible materials  to end uses)), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Combination of Anaerobic Digestion and Composting with Green waste and Residues  Landfill) Scheme 7b (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics (combustible materials  Thermal treatment), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Combination of Anaerobic Digestion and Composting with Green waste and Residues  Landfill) 18 schemes for the management of MSW in Morocco

6. Scheme 8a (Collection of mixed waste  Biodrying, Mechanical sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals), Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)  to end users Scheme 8b (Collection of mixed waste  Biodrying, Mechanical sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals) (SRF  Thermal treatment) Scheme 9 (Collection of mixed waste)  Mass Burn Incineration with energy recovery Scheme 10 (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals), remaining (residual) waste  Incineration) Scheme 11 (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals), remaining (residual) waste  Pyrolysis) Scheme 12 (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals), remaining (residual) waste  Gasification) Scheme 13 (Autoclave/ Mechanical Processing) Scheme 14 (Ethanol Fermentation) 18 schemes for the management of MSW in Morocco

7. Determining the optimum MSW Management Scheme MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS RANKING of MSW Management Schemes using an appropriate software (Decision Lab) Evaluation of 18 MSW Management Schemes based on the Criteria set on previous step Calculation of the Q/P/W multicriteria matrix Optimum MSW Management Scheme (I) (Ia) (Ib) (Ic) (II) (III)

8. (I) MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS RANKING of MSW Management Schemes using an appropriate software (Decision Lab) Evaluation of 18 MSW Management Schemes based on the Criteria set on previous step Q/P/W multicriteria matrix Optimum MSW Management Scheme (I) (IA) (IB) (IC) (II) (III)

9. (IA) Setting the Criteria Group CriteriaSub-criteria Social (S) (S 1 ) Harmonization with the existing legislative framework (S 2 ) Application of priorities of legislation (S 3 ) Social acceptance (S 4 ) Possibilities of new job positions Environmental (E) (E 1 ) Level of possible environmental impacts (E 2 ) Air emissions (E 3 ) Production of wastewater (E 4 ) Production of solid waste (E 5 ) Noise pollution (E 6 ) Aesthetic harmful effect Financial (F) (F 1 ) Total investment cost (F 2 ) Operation and maintenance cost (F 3 ) Land requirement (F 4 ) Production of secondary materials Technical (T) (T 1 ) Functionality (T 2 ) Existing experience-reliability (T 3 ) Adaptability in the local conditions (T 4 ) Flexibility

10. Group Criteria Group weights Sub-criteriaCriterion Weight Social (S) 15.00% (S 1 ) Harmonization with the existing legislative framework 30.00% (S 2 ) Application of priorities of legislation 30.00% (S 3 ) Social acceptance 25.00% (S 4 ) Possibilities of new job positions 15.00% Environmental (E) 30.00% (E 1 ) Level of possible environmental impacts 25.00% (E 2 ) Air emissions 20.00% (E 3 ) Production of wastewater 20.00% (E 4 ) Production of solid waste 20.00% (E 5 ) Noise pollution 10.00% (E 6 ) Aesthetic harmful effect 5.00% Financial (F) 30.00% (F 1 ) Total investment cost 35.00% (F 2 ) Operation and maintenance cost 30.00% (F 3 ) Land requirement 15.00% (F 4 ) Production of secondary materials 20.00% Technical (T) 25.00% (T 1 ) Functionality 25.00% (T 2 ) Existing experience-reliability 30.00% (T 3 ) Adaptability in the local conditions 25.00% (T 4 ) Flexibility 20.00% (IA) Setting weights for the Criteria

11. (I) MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS RANKING of MSW Management Schemes using an appropriate software (Decision Lab) Evaluation of 18 MSW Management Schemes based on the Criteria set on previous step Q/P/W multicriteria matrix Optimum MSW Management Scheme (I) (IA) (IB) (IC) (II) (III)

12. (IB) Schemes Evaluation - Social Criteria (S) Schemes (S 1 ) Harmonization with the existing legislation (S 2 ) Application of priorities of legislation (S 3 ) Social acceptance (S 4 ) Possibilities of new job positions Scheme 1 1112 Scheme 2 5554 Scheme 3 99107 Scheme 4 4446 Scheme 5a 7798 Scheme 5b 8889 Scheme 6a 7778 Scheme 6b 8869 Scheme 7a 7869 Scheme 7b 89510 Scheme 8a 6777 Scheme 8b 7868 Scheme 9 5546 Scheme 10 8668 Scheme 11 8678 Scheme 12 8678 Scheme 13 6736 Scheme 14 6626

13. Schemes (E 1 ) Level of possible environmental impacts (E 2 ) Air emissions (E 3 ) Production of wastewater waste (E 4 ) Production of solid waste-residue Scheme 1 2341 Scheme 2 4444 Scheme 3 7679 Scheme 4 4543 Scheme 5a 7777 Scheme 5b 5566 Scheme 6a 7866 Scheme 6b 5655 Scheme 7a 8688 Scheme 7b 6477 Scheme 8a 7777 Scheme 8b 5566 Scheme 9 4474 Scheme 10 6586 Scheme 11 7787 Scheme 12 7688 Scheme 13 7887 Scheme 14 6667 (IB) Schemes Evaluation - Environmental Criteria (E)

14. Schemes (F 1 ) Total investment cost (F 2 ) Operation and maintenance cost (F 3 ) Land requirement (F 4 ) Production of useful secondary materials Scheme 1 9931 Scheme 2 8876 Scheme 3 7869 Scheme 4 8654 Scheme 5a 6747 Scheme 5b 4637 Scheme 6a 5657 Scheme 6b 3547 Scheme 7a 4539 Scheme 7b 2429 Scheme 8a 5658 Scheme 8b 3548 Scheme 9 7673 Scheme 10 4765 Scheme 11 4746 Scheme 12 4746 Scheme 13 7867 Scheme 14 6756 (IB) Schemes Evaluation - Financial Criteria (F)

15. Schemes (T1) Functionality (T2) Existing experience-reliability (T3) Adaptability in the local conditions (T4) Flexibility Scheme 1 91099 Scheme 2 8988 Scheme 3 8987 Scheme 4 7878 Scheme 5a 6777 Scheme 5b 5666 Scheme 6a 6776 Scheme 6b 5665 Scheme 7a 5665 Scheme 7b 4554 Scheme 8a 5775 Scheme 8b 4664 Scheme 9 7988 Scheme 10 8978 Scheme 11 6474 Scheme 12 6675 Scheme 13 5354 Scheme 14 3233 (IB) Schemes Evaluation - Technical Criteria (T)

16. Total evaluation of MSW Management Schemes Schemes SocialEnvironmentalFinancialTechnical S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 S4S4 E1E1 E2E2 E3E3 E4E4 E5E5 E6E6 F1F1 F2F2 F3F3 F4F4 T1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 Scheme 1 1112234181993191099 Scheme 2 555444447588768988 Scheme 3 9910776797878698987 Scheme 4 444645437486547878 Scheme 5a 779877777767476777 Scheme 5b 888955665546375666 Scheme 6a 777878667656576776 Scheme 6b 886956555435475665 Scheme 7a 786986886545395665 Scheme 7b 8951064774324294554 Scheme 8a 677777777656585775 Scheme 8b 786855665435484664 Scheme 9 554644747276737988 Scheme 10 866865866447658978 Scheme 11 867877876547466474 Scheme 12 867876886547466675 Scheme 13 673678877678675354 Scheme 14 662666677467563233

17. (I) MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS RANKING of MSW Management Schemes using an appropriate software (Decision Lab) Evaluation of 18 MSW Management Schemes based on the Criteria set on previous step Q/P/W Multicriteria matrix Optimum MSW Management Scheme (I) (IA) (IB) (IC) (II) (III)

18. Multi-criteria matrix - Q/P/W values Social 15%Environmental 30%Financial 30%Technical 25% S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 S4S4 E1E1 E2E2 E3E3 E4E4 E5E5 E6E6 F1F1 F2F2 F3F3 F4F4 T1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 Scheme 1 1 112234181993191099 Scheme 2 555444447588768988 Scheme 3 9 910776797878698987 Scheme 4 444645437486547878 Scheme 5a 779877777767476777 Scheme 5b 888955665546375666 Scheme 6a 777878667656576776 Scheme 6b 886956555435475665 Scheme 7a 786986886545395665 Scheme 7b 8951064774324294554 Scheme 8a 677777777656585775 Scheme 8b 786855665435484664 Scheme 9 554644747276737988 Scheme 10 866865866447658978 Scheme 11 867877876547466474 Scheme 12 867876886547466675 Scheme 13 673678877678675354 Scheme 14 662666677467563233 MAX value of S1 criterion of all Schemes MIN value of S1 criterion of all Schemes Q(ij) = {MAX[subcriterion (ij)] – MIN[subcriterion (ij)]}/10, P(ij) = 3 * Q(ij) Where (i) is the chosen group criterion (S, E, F and T) (j) is the chosen sub-criterion (S1-S4, E1-E6, F1-F4, T1-T4) Example: Calculating the Q & P of S1 sub-criterion Q(S1)=(9 – 1)/10=0,8 P(S1)=Q(S1) * 3=0,8 * 3=2,4

19. Group CriteriaGroup weightsSub-criteriaCriterion Weight W - Final weights QP Social (S) 15.00% S1S1 30.00%0.04500.82.4 S2S2 30.00%0.04500.82.4 S3S3 25.00%0.03750.92.7 S4S4 15.00%0.02250.82.4 Environmental (E) 30.00% E1E1 25.00%0.07500.61.8 E2E2 20.00%0.06000.51.5 E3E3 20.00%0.06000.41.2 E4E4 20.00%0.06000.82.4 E5E5 10.00%0.03000.41.2 E6E6 5.00%0.01500.72.1 Financial (F) 30.00% F1F1 35.00%0.01050.72.1 F2F2 30.00%0.09000.51.5 F3F3 15.00%0.04500.51.5 F4F4 20.00%0.06000.82.4 Technical (T) 25.00% T1T1 0.06250.61.8 T2T2 30.00%0.07500.82.4 T3T3 25.00%0.06250.61.8 T4T4 20.00%0.05000.61.8 * = W(ij)=[% weight of Group criterion (i) * weight of Sub-criterion(ij)]/10000 Where (i) is the chosen group criterion (S, E, F and T) (j) is the chosen sub-criterion (S1-S4, E1-E6, F1-F4, T1-T4) Example: W(S1)=[% weight of Group criterion (S) * weight of Sub-criterion(S1)]/10000 W(S1)=[15% *30%]/10000=0,045 Multi-criteria matrix Q/P/W

20. Determining the optimum MSW Management Scheme MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS RANKING of MSW Management Schemes using an appropriate software (Decision Lab) Evaluation of 18 MSW Management Schemes based on the Criteria set on previous step Q/P/W multicriteria matrix Optimum MSW Management Scheme (I) (Ia) (Ib) (Ic) (II) (III)

22. Multi-criteria Matrix as has been set in the Decision Lab software Management Schemes Subcriteria

23. Q/P/W values

24. Ranking of MSW Management Schemes

25. 1.Scheme 3 (Collection in one bin of recyclable materials)  MRF (recovery of glass, paper- plastics, Fe and non Fe metals) and in another bin the biodegradable  Composting and Residues  Landfill) 2.Scheme 5a (Collection of mixed waste)  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics to end users), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Composting and Residues  Landfill) 3.Scheme 10 (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Sorting (recovery of Fe and non Fe metals), remaining (residual) waste  Incineration) 4.Scheme 6a (Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics  to end users), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Anaerobic Digestion and residues  Landfill) 5.Scheme 13 (Autoclave/ Mechanical Processing) Fourth: Scheme 6a: Collection of mixed waste  Mechanical Biological Treatment): Mechanical Sorting (recovery of glass, Fe and non Fe metals, paper- plastics (combustible materials  to end users), Biological treatment: Biodegradable fraction  Anaerobic digestion and Residues  Landfill Top 5 schemes for MSW Treatment in Morocco

26. Prof. M. Loizidou and D. Malamis emails: mloiz@chemeng.ntua.gr & dmalamis@chemeng.ntua.grmloiz@chemeng.ntua.grdmalamis@chemeng.ntua.gr website: www.uest.grwww.uest.gr Thank You