1. CSC1401 Manipulating Pictures

2. What we have done to date We have modified pictures by writing on top of them Using Turtles and using Graphics Drawing lines, shapes and text, as well as inserting a picture into another picture

3. What would be nice to do Changing colors on the pictures Red-eye reduction Blending pictures Doing other fancy Adobe Photoshop-like transformations But this would be almost impossible to do by simply drawing on top of the existing picture

4. The Goal Develop an easier approach to modifying our pictures by changing the pictures themselves rather than writing on top of them

5. Digital Pictures Represented by pixels With a red, green, and blue value stored for each pixel Stored in.jpg (JPEG) files International standard With lossy compression Lossy means not all data is stored But what is lost isn’t that important Compression means made smaller Other formats for storing digital pictures are GIF and BMP

6. Manipulating a Picture To manipulate a picture we need to manipulate the pixels that make up the picture Change the red, green, or blue values at the pixel Pixel is a class created at Georgia Tech Each pixel object has a red, green, and blue value

7. Pictures have lots of Pixels How can we refer to each pixel? pixel1, pixel2, pixel3, pixel4, pixel5, … Do we really want to name each one? On a 640 x 480 picture, there are 640 x 480 = 307,200 pixels

8. How do we change a Pixel? Pixel first; first = stevepicture.getPixel(10,120); // 10 refers to the row and 120 to the column first.setColor(Color.black); /* The book writes the code as: stevepicture.getPixel(10,100).setColor(Color.black); */ Note that if you have already shown the picture, by invoking: stevepicture.show(); You can cause the picture to be updated by: stevepicture.repaint();

9. Pictures have lots of Pixels How do we deal with lots of data of the same type? Use an array

10. What is an Array? Storage for a sequence of items Of the same type You can access items by using an index The index starts at 0 The first item is at index 0 The last item is at index (length – 1) Arrays know their length (have a public length field) arrayObj.length 379215 8326 012345 0123

11. But how does an array help us? If we wish to change lots of pictures, we can use a loop!

12. Recall from Alice In this example, each time through the loop, the bunny hopped Note that the index variable changes from 0 to 1 to 2 to … each time through the loop. And we can take advantage of that when working with arrays!

13. In Java Use a loop to access an array of pixels The first time through the loop we access pixelArray[0] The second time through the loop we access pixelArray[1] …

14. What Data does a Picture Object Have? A picture object has an array of pixel objects That it read from the.JPG file It knows the picture width pictureObj.getWidth() It knows the picture height pictureObj.getHeight() It knows how to return an array of pixels Pixel[] pixelArray = pictureObj.getPixels()

15. Pixel Objects Each pixel has a red, green, and blue value getRed(), getGreen(), getBlue() setRed(v), setGreen(v), setBlue(v) Each pixel knows the location it was in the picture object getX(), getY() You can also get and set the color at the pixel getColor(), setColor(color)

16. Turning all of the pixels in our picture to red – using a loop Notes: 1)We have created a counter that starts at 0, and goes up to the number of pixels in the picture 2)Each pixel has its color set to red! 3)How would this code have looked had it been written as a method inside of the Picture class?

17. A note on Color You can either set the red, green and blue amounts individually, or all together using mypixel.setColor(someColor) You can create a color object by giving the red, green, and blue values for it Color colorObj = new Color(255,10,125);

18. Predefined Colors The Color class has defined class constants for many colors Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue, Color.black, Color.white, Color.yellow, Color.gray, Color.orange, Color.pink, Color.cyan, Color.magenta Or you can use all uppercase names Color.RED, Color.BLUE, Color.BLACK, …

19. Getting and Setting Pixel Colors To get a pixel’s color as a color object Color color1 = pixelObj.getColor(); int red = color1.getRed(); int green = color1.getGreen(); int blue = color1.getBlue(); To set a pixel’s color using a new color object red = 20; green = 30; blue = 100; Color color2 = new Color(red,green,blue); pixelObj.setColor(color2);

20. Changing Pixel Colors There are two ways to change the color of a pixel in a picture Set the red, green, and blue values individually pixelObj.setRed(value), pixelObj.setGreen(value), pixelObj.setBlue(value), Or set the color pixelObj.setColor(colorObj) But, you won’t see any change in the picture Until you ask it to repaint: pictureObj.repaint(); Or you invoke the show method

21. Summary Pictures have pixels You can change the picture by changing the color of the pixels Arrays let you store and retrieve values of the same type using an index You can ask a picture for it’s width, height, and an array of pixels You can get and set the color of a pixel

22. Assignment Read Media Computation Chapter 4 – we’ll be covering while loops and for- each loops next week