1. DOSSIER 4 – THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD Chapter 2 – Economy & Development

2. Review  Economic development during the…  Natives 10 000 BC – 1608 AD  The French Regime 1608-1763  The British Regime 1763-1867  The Contemporary Period 1867-Today

5. Economic Development since 1867 HHow did Canadian Confederation change the economic landscape? CCanada was now an independent country IIn control of its own economic policies WWhat did John A. MacDonald have to promise certain provinces in order to join? AA train connecting Canada from coast to coast CCertain economic/political freedoms

6. Canada’s Development – The Railroad  As the railroad progressed:  More provinces started to develop out West  In order to stimulate growth inside Canada…what kind of economic policy do you think they used?  Protectionist Policy  Why? To make sure Canadian business could grow  It was called the National Policy

7. Economic Development  During the 1800’s – Canada’s economy was mostly based in what sector(s)?  Primary: Fur, Timber, Fishing and agriculture

8. Economic Development  The Primary Sector:  In the 1800’s there was still a lot of famine  This was mostly due to industrialization and urbanization  And the fact that people were working, but times were rough  1930’s = the mechanization of farming  1940’s = electricity (everywhere)  1950’s = electrical appliances!

12. Economic Development  The Primary Sector (cont’):  Agriculture began to diversify  Number of farms Size of Farms  Productivity of the farms also increases  Used to be a FAMILY business – now run as small/medium sized businesses  what is a COOPERATIVE?

13. Economic Development  The Primary Sector (cont’):  Forestry – still offering lots of employment  New natural resources are developed  Mining: Nickel, gold, zinc, silver and copper in Abitibi- Témiscamingue Asbestos in the Eastern Townships Iron in Cote-Nord Copper in Gaspésie

14. Economic Development  The Secondary Sector  1800’s - Industrialization first affects light industries Leather, shoes, clothing, tobacco, food (butter, milk, cheese, beer, sugar) etc.  By the 1900’s – more export oriented industries start to develop Pulp and paper, wood processing, newsprint Ore processing (aluminum, iron) Chemical production (oil refining) Transportation materials (especially for the railroads)

19. Economic Development  The Secondary Sector  Since 1970 – the secondary sector has decreased  Mostly due to cheaper labour cost in places like Asia, Mexico and India

20. Economic Development  The Secondary Sector  Hydroelectricity What is “potential?” The first hydroelectric stations were built in the late 19 th century The bigger projects started after the 1920’s But these projects were all privately owned Shawinigan St-Maurice The Saguenay The Ottawa

21. Economic Development  The Secondary Sector  Hydroelectricity In 1963 the Quebec Government nationalized the electricity industry – why? Quebec became a world leader in hydroelectric technology Although Quebec has attracted a lot of business because of its cheap electrical rates…what are some of the consequences? Flooding – environmental damage Native Rights – most of these projects are on their land!

24. Economic Development  The Tertiary Sector  The tertiary sector has been growing since the 20 th century  The creation of the “office worker”  Consumption therefore retail  A more socialist government?  Increased Standard of Living ?  Also, after the 1950’s – more and more women were becoming part of the work force.

25. Creating your own Graph Activity # 5

26. Activity # 5 - Graphing  Create your own graph  Using table 2.28 on page 78, create a graph that shows the changes in the various sectors from 1850 to 2000.  Make sure your axises are labelled correctly and that your graph has a title.  Then write up a short paragraph which discusses the shift with the sectors and how Canada has changed as a result.