1. Engineering Structures Bridge Building

2. Structures Structures are anything that are built or constructed. These are things we live in, work in, learn in, and play in. All structures preform different functions

3. Apartment Building in Italy

4. Forces Forces affect structures every day. –Wind –Water –Snow –Earthquakes Forces that act on structures are called loads.

5. Loads Live Loads –Live loads change as a structure is used People Furniture Cars trucks Dead Loads Do not change, the weight of the structure stay the same Beams Floor Walls

6. Stresses Compression Shear Deflection Tension Torsion

7. Compression A squeezing or crushing force produced when a pair of objects move toward each other

8. Shear A cutting force produced when a pair of forces moving toward an object just miss each other

9. Deflection A bending force

10. Tension A pulling force produced on an object when a pair of forces move in opposite directions

11. Torsion A twisting force on an object when a pair of forces rotate away from each other St Mary and All Saints church in Chesterfield, UK

12. Shapes

13. Bridge Structures Beam Arch Truss Suspension

14. Bridge Designs Not straight beams