1. CHAPTER 9 Social Constructivist Approaches, Domain-Specific Approaches, and Teaching

2. Copyright © 2004 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, a Subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 2 1.1 Social Constructivist Approaches to Teaching Constructivism emphasizes that individuals learn best when they actively construct knowledge and understanding. Social Constructivist Approaches emphasize the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

3. Copyright © 2004 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, a Subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 3 2.2 Teachers and Peers as Joint Contributors to Students’ Learning Teachers and Peers can be joint contributors to students’ learning Scaffolding: Changing the level of support over the course of a teaching session Cognitive Apprenticeship: An expert stretches and supports the novice’s understanding and use of cultural skills Cooperative Learning: Students work in small groups to help each other Tutoring: Include classroom aides, volunteers, and mentors