2. Brainstorming: Who were the Mycenaeans (1900- 1100 BCE)

3. 1100-800 BCE Dark Ages Dorian invasions put an end to Mycenaean domination Writing (Linear B) disappears Iron age starts in Greece

5. 800-479 BCE Archaic Period Mycenaean and Minoan inheritance shows in Greek culture. New values: formation of the Greek polis 479 BCE Final defeat of the Persian invaders

7. Large rivers unifying the territory River acting as an artery for communications Flat lands: easier to build roads Concentration of population along the river Unified politically

8. Mountainous region/ Multitude of islands

10. Scattered population Isolated city-states (poleis) with different political structures Sea as the main means for communication and trade Sense of community and political federation created by the Persian wars

11. The polis: An urban and political entity. Acropolis Agora Walls Surrounding land

12. Archia: Gk: rule, government Kratia: Gk: power, government Monos: Gk: One Oligos: Gk: Few Aristos: Gk: the best Demos: Gk: people 1. Monarchy 2. Oligarchy 3. Tyranny 4. Democracy

13. 1. Monarchy: Mycenaean (Agamemnon) 2. Oligarchy: rule of the aristocracy (landowners) 3. Tyranny: reformers (Peisistratus) 4. Democracy: Athens (Kleisthenes)

14. Causes of emigration: Growth of the population Scarcity of resources Lack of political opportunity Greek colonies: Magna Graecia (Southern Italy and Sicily), Southern France, Spain… Consequences: enrichment of middle classes (businessmen) and push for democratization (against traditional landowners).

17. Magna Graecia Naples (Nea-polis) Syracuse Palermo Messina Greek colonies

18. Pythagoras (Croton) Plato (Syracuse) Herodotus (Thurium) Distinguished visitors

19. Sparta Dorian settlement Oligarchy Militaristic society Stringent immigration laws Women participated somehow in the public sphere Athens Aeolic settlement Restricted democracy Cultural achievements Women and foreigners do not participate in civic life

20. Created a sense of community between the Greeks. Battles: 490BCE Marathon 480 BCE Thermopylae 480 BCE Salamis Persian Kings: Darius (522-486 BCE) Xerxes (486-465 BCE) Persian archer (Persepolis)

22. Olympian deities: Polytheistic, anthropomorphic Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis… Chthonic deities: Fertility and agricultural gods. Demeter (Eleusis) and Dionysius (Dionysia) Mystery cults

25. 1. Greek population was divided by the geography of their land (islands, mountains) but united culturally and politically. 2. The Greeks colonized the south of Spain (Iberia) establishing prosperous cities there such as Syracuse, Palermo, and Messina. 3. The Phoenicians were a group of Greek colonizers who founded cities in the Southern Mediterranean (Carthage).

26. 5. The Persians’ cultural and technical advances as well as their political organization were very inferior to those of the Greeks. 6. All the inhabitants (legal residents) of Athens were allowed to participate in the political life of the city. 7. Herodotus was a Greek poet who wrote about the Persian wars.

29. Olympia Athletic competition In honor of Zeus Held every four years Cycle: Olympic Games (Olympia) Pythian Games (Delphi) Nemean Games (Nemea) Isthmian Games (Corinth) Contests: Stadion (200 yard race) Pentathlon (javelin, discus, long jump, sprinting, wrestling) Boxing

33. Temple of Zeus and sacred precinctStadion

34. Artistic and athletic competition (Pythian Games) Origin: Apollo killed the snake (Python) that guarded the sanctuary. Etymology: omphalos, navel of the earth (umbilical). Oracle: Pythia

36. Epic poetry Oral tradition. Sang by a bard Homer (800 BCE) Iliad: Trojan war (1250 BCE), the wrath of Achilles Odyssey: the return of Odysseus

37. Lyric poetry Sang with a lyre Expression of personal feelings Sappho, Alcaeus: love, symposium, life and death. Pindar: odes to victors in the athletic contests, everlasting fame. Historiography First attempt to record events objectively: Herodotus

39. Temples in Doric style Colonnade winding all the way around an inner cella. Poseidonia. Temple of Hera II, 460 BCE

40. A BCD

41. 2525 BCE 600 BCE 530 BCE480 BCE

42. Kouroi (Kouros) Nude male figures Influence of Egyptian art (rigid pose, frontality) Apollos or memorial statues Evolution toward more naturalistic Study of the human body

45. Korai (Kore) Statues of females (dressed) Polychromic Votive statues Dressed with a peplos and later with chiton (study of the folds)