1. Day Vision

2. Color Vision Facts Color Mixing: “Rule of 3”

3. http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits

4. The Color Circle

6. Subtraction

7. Color Vision Facts Color Mixing: “Rule of 3” Color Aftereffects: R and G, B and Y

12. Color Vision Facts Color Mixing: “Rule of 3” Color Aftereffects: R and G, B and Y Color Blindness

13. Are You Colorblind?

14. Red-Green

15. Trichromatic Theory Young and Helmholtz Blue, green, and red input channels True at receptor level Explains “Rule of 3”

17. Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision Ewald Hering Color-sensitive visual pairs. –Red or green, blue or yellow –Explains aftereffects and blindness RGB Y

18. Combined RGB Y (R + G)

19. Perception How do sensations become perceptions?

20. Perceptual Constancy Objects maintain their size, shape, color, and other properties despite changes in their retinal image. Allows experience where solid objects do not continuously change

21. Nonconstant World

22. Shape Constancy Saul Kassin, Psychology. Copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.

23. Depth and Distance 3-D experience from 2-D information? Cues Monocular (One Eye) Binocular (Two Eyes)

24. Monocular Cues Relative Size Height in the Visual Field Interposition Linear Perspective Reduced Clarity Textural Gradient Light and Shadow

25. Binocular Cues Convergence James D. Laird and Nicholas S. Thompson, Psychology. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.

26. Binocular (con’t) Disparity Close – Disparity High Far – Disparity Low Douglas A. Bernstein, Alison Clarke-Stewart, Louis A. Penner, Edward J. Roy, and Christopher D. Wickens, Psychology, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.

27. Misperceiving Reality Which Line Is Longer?

29. Impossible Figures

30. Magic Eye

32. Motion

33. http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits

34. Perception of Motion Looming stimulus (rapid expansion) Images moves, but eyes and head do not Image moves, but can’t be caused by movement of the body, eyes, or head. –Visual flow without appropriate sensations can result in motion sickness. Stroboscopic Motion

35. http://www.rpi.edu/~brings/PHI/phi3.html

36. Recognizing the Perceptual World How do I recognize familiar people?

37. How Does Recognition Occur? Bottom-Up Processing: Basic features of the stimulus are analyzed to create the perceptual experience. Top-Down Processing: Reliance on one’s knowledge, especially when sensory information is vague or ambiguous.

38. What Can Influence Top-Down Processing? Schemas –Readiness to perceive a stimulus in a certain way Motivation Expectancy or prior context

39. Expectancy

40. Organizing the Perceptual World What determines how I perceive my world?

41. Principles of Perceptual Organization: Figure and Ground Figure: The part of the visual field that has meaning. Ground: The contourless part of the visual field.

42. Figure 3.19: Reversible Images

43. Gestalt Grouping Stimuli are grouped together “Gestalt” is the German word meaning (roughly) “whole figure.”

44. Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Grouping

45. Categorizing Perceptions What Do You See Here?

46. Another Version With Line Grouping Now Do You See It?