1. MapInfo Professional: Viewing and analyzing data GIS in the Sciences ERTH 4750 (38031) Xiaogang (Marshall) Ma School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Friday, February 01, 2013

2. Acknowledgements This lecture is partly based on: –MapInfo Professional 11.0 User Guide –The online learning course of MapInfo Professional

3. Session 1: Viewing data Note: at the end of this session the student is requested to show the result of ‘Dynamic link among multiple map and browser windows’

4. Contents of session 1 1 Map objects 2 Layer control 3 Make selections

5. 1 Map objects Maps, layers and map objects –Maps are made up of map objects which are organized into layers –Four types of map objects in MapInfo: Text, Points, Lines and Polygons –Generally, a layer contains only one type of map object –Maps are often built with layers of those four object types in descending order: with text on the top and polygons on the bottom –Each layer is related to a table

6. Text –Can be used to illustrates what a point, line or polygon represents –Text can come from the table related to a layer or can be custom made Points –Refer to one specific location and represent one set of X/Y coordinates.

7. Lines –Have a start point and an end point, each representing a set of X/Y coordinates. –Lines may change direction at a point which also represents a set of X/Y coordinates Polygons –Are enclosed areas made up of lines and points, with each node represents a set of X/Y coordinates –The start point will be the same as the end point to ensure that the polygon is closed

9. 2 Layer control The Layer Control dialog box –Controls how layers are displayed and how they function –Can change the order of layers, their appearance and their labeling options –It’s recommended to save a workspace if make changes through Layer Control A label differs slightly from a text object. A label is placed with the label tool or the Auto Label in Layer Control and always remains the same size, regardless of zoom level. It is always data from the browser. A text object is written manually on an editable layer and increases in size when zoom in.

11. Practice with Canada dataset –Menu: File -> Open, or click the toolbar button –Goto \Training_Data\Canada folder –Choose CANADA.tab and open it in a map window –Goto \Training_Data\Canada folder –Choose CANHIWAY.tab, CANCTY223.tab and CAN_CAPS.tab, and change the Preferred View drop- down list to No View, click Open –These three layers are opened but not added to the map window yet – we will do that using Layer Control

12. –Menu: Map -> Layer Control, or click toolbar button –The Layer Control dialog box displays –Click the Add Layers button to open the Add Layers dialog box –Add layers: Select CANHIWAY, CANCTY223 and CAN_CAPS, click OK to add them into the map

13. –Remove layers: In Layer Control dialog box, select CANCTY223 –Click the Remove Layers button –Confirm the removal –We can also move a layer up or down in the order of a map, by selecting it in Layer Control and using the Up and Down buttons. We can also click and drag a layer

14. Change the appearance of a layer –It is possible to do this without permanently changing the table –Menu: Map -> Layer Control, the dialog box opens –Select the CANADA layer –Click Layer Properties, the dialog box opens

15. –Check the Style Override check box to override the default style of a layer –Click the Region Style button and the Region Style dialog box displays

16. –Under Fill, click the Foreground list –From the color palette, choose a new color, click OK –You can click Preview to see what your map looks like with the chosen settings –Click OK to accept the Display Options. The display changes are reflected in the Map window.

17. 3 Select map objects We may be working with large datasets and wish to work with only a smaller number of records. –We can select certain map objects to create a subset of the data –Records in a Browser are dynamically linked to objects in the Map (and vice-versa) by the.ID file of the MapInfo Professional file structure. This means that by selecting an object on a Map, you also select a record in the Browser, and if you select records in a Browser, you also select an object on the Map

18. We mentioned this diagram in our last lab, now let’s see how it works

19. –Menu: File -> Close All –Open the CANADA.tab in folder \Training_Data\Canada –Window -> New Map Window to open the Map window for CANADA –Window -> New Browser Window to open the Browser window for CANADA –Map -> Layer Control, in the Layer Control dialog box, make sure that objects in layer CANADA are selectable –Close the Layer Control dialog box –Window -> Tile Windows –Now we can do selecting

20. A few buttons in the toolbar for the Select function

24. –The Info tool can help you get information about a single map object

25. –There are also some other tools that affect selections

26. View a table of selected objects –Use the Select tools to select multiple objects –Menu: Window -> New Browser Window, the Browser Table dialog box opens –Choose Query1 (or Selection) and click OK –This opens a new Browser showing the currently selected records (i.e., a subset) and names it Query#. Notice that the dynamic link is still maintained

27. –Window -> New Map Window, choose Query1 and open a new map window for it –Window -> Tile Windows –Use the Selection function to select objects and records in the two map windows and two browser windows to see the dynamic link among them

28. GRADING ITEM: Student should present a result after Session 1 Result should be similar to this window Dynamic link among multiple map and browser windows Hints: save you results to a workspace for a backup, and you can continue with other works

29. Session 2: Analyzing data –In previous sessions we know how layers and map objects work, we now start turning data into information –Note: at the end of this session the student is requested to show the results of ‘Selection’ and ‘Thematic maps’

30. Contents of session 2 Analyze data with a selection based on criteria Save a query Analyze data with thematic maps Change thematic map settings View the thematic maps in layer control

31. 1 Selection based on criteria Select based on numeric data –We can choose specific records from data based on criteria. This type of selection is called a Query –We will query the US_CUSTOMER data based on the order amount, to find out which customers have spent more than $10,000. –Menu: File -> Close All –File -> Open, go to \Training_Data\Exercise_Data\ folder, choose Us_Customer.tab –In the Preferred View drop-down list, choose Browser, and click Open. The Us_Customer table is opened in a Browser window

32. –Menu: Query -> Select, the Select dialog box opens –Choose Us_Customer in the Select Records from Table drop-down list –The query expression is entered in ‘that Satisfy’ text box. You can type the query directly, or click the Assist button to open the Expression dialog box, which helps us in creating the scripts of a query –Use the combination of the Columns, Operations and Functions drop-down lists to create the criteria. In this example, we make a expression Order_amt > 10000

33. –Click Verify button to check your syntax and make changes if necessary –Click OK to return to the Select dialog box. The query expression is now in the ‘that Satisfy’ box –Ensure that Browse Results is checked so that a browser displays the selected data –Click OK when finished and a new Browser appears. Read the results (i.e., records in the column ‘Order_amt’) and ensure that they fulfill the query expression. The result is named Query# –Now you can also use Window -> New Map Window to open a map window for Us_Customer to see the highlighted query results on a map

34. Select based on character data –We can also create a query with criteria based on text information in the table (e.g., name of the company) –The process is almost the same as the selection based on numeric data. And again we use the Us_Customer.tab as an example –Menu: Query -> Select –Choose Us_Customer from the Select Records from Table list –Click the Assist button, make a expression Lname = “Williams”

35. –Using Verify to check the syntax and make corrections if necessary, click OK –Leave the defaults in the Select dialog box and click OK to run the query –Now you can also open a map window to see the query results –For instance, here I have the query results in a browser window ‘Query 3’, and I open a map window ‘Query 3’ for it (Your result may not necessarily have the same name) –And you can load other map layers into the current map window to make the view nicer –Menu: File -> Open, choose the STATES.tab in folder \Training_Data\US\, choose Current Mapper from Preferred View, click OK

36. –Menu: Map -> View Entire Layer, you will see a window like the one below. This show the query results with the states map in the background GRADING ITEM: Student should present a similar result Hints: save you results to a workspace for a backup, and you can continue with other works

37. 2 Save a query The query result is still a temporary table. It can be saved as a copy of the table, or be saved in a workspace Save a copy of the table –Menu: File -> Save Copy As, choose appropriate Query# (i.e., query result name) and click Save As. The Save Copy As dialog box displays –Go to the location you wish to save the file, give a name and click Save Save a workspace –Menu: File -> Save Workspace. The Save Workspace dialog box displays –Go to the location you wish to save the workspace and lick Save What’s the difference between the above two operations?

38. 3 Analyze data with thematic maps Thematic maps are an excellent way to view trends in spatial data –Graphically present the information hidden in a table –Shade the map based an attribute in the data –Can be created using point, line or polygon –You can also present information in the form of a pie graph or bar chart, a graduated symbol (i.e., the size gets bigger as the numeric data it represents gets larger), dots on a map (i.e., one dot represents fifty people) or as a grid (i.e., a surface interpolated from a series of points which might have elevation information)

39. There are three major steps in the process of creating a thematic map: –Select the type of thematic map, select the table, specify the setting (1) Select the type of thematic map. There are seven types –Ranges: Each color represents a range of numeric values –Bar charts: A bar graph is placed over each object being shaded –Pie charts: A pie chart is placed over each object being shaded –Graduated symbol: Symbols of different sizes are used to represent the magnitude of the data –Dot density: Dots are placed in a boundary map so that the total number of dots represent that region’s data value –Individual: Each unique value is given its own color or symbol –Grid: A surface thematic interpolating point data over a region

40. –With each type of thematic map, MapInfo presents a number of templates. You can also create your own by adapting existing ones (2) Select the table to create the thematic map. Select the column in the table that contains the information you wish to use for the thematic map (3) Specify the settings for the map. These include settings specific to the type of thematic map and settings for the thematic legend that will be created

41. Create thematic maps based on numeric data –We use the world population 1994 data for an example study. The population is numeric data and can be grouped into Ranges –Menu: File -> Close All –File -> Open, Go to folder \Training_Data\World, choose OCEAN.tab, WORLD.tab and WORLDCAP.tab –Choose Automatic in Preferred View list, and click Open –Map -> Layer Control, make sure the three layers are in the correct order (i.e., don’t let the ocean layer cover the world layer), then close the Layer Control

42. –Map -> Create Thematic Map, the dialog box displays –We now can choose types of thematic map and templates for the chosen type. We should choose one that is appropriate for the thematic map we are creating

43. –Ensure the Ranges button is selected under Type –From the Template Name list, choose Region Ranges Default. This template will assign dark reds to countries with higher populations –Click Next. The Create Thematic Map – Step 2 of 3 dialog box opens –Select World in the Table list, and Pop_1994 in the Field list –Check Ignore Zeroes or Blanks to ensure that any countries with missing population information is not counted in this thematic map

44. –Click Next, the Create Thematic Map – Step 3 of 3 dialog box displays –This dialog box actions as a preview window. It show what the ranges will look like, how large the ranges are, and how many records are in each range. Here you can also specify the settings for the ranges, styles and legend –Click OK to accept the default settings. The map displays

45. 4 Change thematic map settings There are up to three groups of settings that can be changed: –Ranges, styles and legend There are three ways to return to a thematic map to change its settings: –Double click on the thematic layer in Layer Control –Double click the thematic legend –From the Map menu, choose Modify Thematic Map

46. Ranges control how the numeric data is organized into groups. There are six range methods: –Equal count: the same number of records are in each range –Equal range: each range is the same size –Natural break: each range has data values that are fairly close together (The average of each range is as close as possible to each of the values in that range) –Standard deviation: ranges meet at the mean and at standard deviation intervals from the mean –Quantile: ranges are distributed across another segment of your data by a percentage –Custom ranges: you define your own ranges Some experimentation may be necessary to find the method that works best with a certain thematic map

47. –With the map window active –Menu: Map -> Modify Thematic Map, the dialog box opens –Click the Customize: Ranges button. The Customize Ranges dialog box opens with the default settings from the chose template –From the Method drop-down list, choose Equal Count –From the # of Ranges drop-down list, choose 5 –From the Round By drop-down list, choose 10,000,000

48. –Both the number of ranges and the rounding number should be based on the underlying data, and may take some experimentation to make them suitable for your needs –Once changes are made, a message ‘Press button to recalculate ranges.’ appears, and the OK button changes to the Recalc button. This step allows MapInfo to recalculate how the data falls within the new range settings. –Click Recalc –Click OK to return to the Modify Thematic Map dialog box. The preview window now reflects the changes made to the ranges –Click OK to redraw the map

49. The result is like the window below

50. The style setting controls how the thematic map is displayed –Normally we only change the colors of the top and bottom ranges –The Auto Spread function will not work if a color in the middle is changed –Make the map active –Menu: Map -> Modify Thematic Map, the dialog box opens –Click the Styles button, a dialog box opens –Ensure that the Color option is chosen in the Auto Spread group –Click on the top button in the column (corresponding to the highest population), the Region Styles dialog box displays –In the Fill group, click on the Foreground list to open the color palette

51. –Select a new color and click OK when complete –Repeat as necessary to change another range (i.e., the bottom range) from the Customize Range Styles dialog box –Click OK to return to the Modify Thematic Map dialog box –Click OK to redraw the map

52. The legend conveys information about what is contained in a thematic map to the map viewer –You can make any changes to the text that appears in the legend. You can create a more meaningful title, add a subtitle, change the font style, add a border, edit the labels for each range, and choose to show the number of records in each range –Menu: Map -> Modify Thematic Map –Click the Legend button, the Customize Legend dialog box displays –Make necessary changes –Click OK in all dialog boxes to redraw the map

53. We can also create thematic maps based on category data –The type of thematic map that is used to illustrate category data is Individual (i.e., Each unique value is given its own color or symbol) –We will create an Individual thematic map for the WORLD table, that will shade the map such that no two countries that share a border will have the same color –This thematic will be placed over the previous thematic, ranges based on population –Ensure the map window is active –Menu: Map -> Create Thematic Map –Click the Individual button under Type –From the Template Name list, choose Region IndValue Default. This template will assign different colors to each category

54. –Click Next, the Create Thematic Map – Step 2 of 3 dialog box opens –From the Table list, choose WORLD –From the Field list, choose ColorCode –Click Next, the Create Thematic Map – Step 3 of 3 dialog box opens –Accept the default settings and click OK to go back to the map window

55. 5 View the thematic maps in layer control Layer Control can give you some understanding of how thematic maps work with the underlying data –Menu: Map -> Layer Control –Note that the thematic maps that were just created sit above the layer on which they are based –A thematic map is a temporary view of your data, and it can be saved in a workspace

56. GRADING ITEM: Student should present a result after Session 2 The student is requested to show a result similar to the window below Hints: save you results to a workspace for a backup, and you can continue with other works