1. Anatomical Position, Directions, Regions, Planes, Cavities, & Quadrants

2. Language of Anatomy  Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding  Exact terminology is used for:  Position  Direction  Regions  Structures

3. Anatomical Position  Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward  Is the standard reference point in which all positions, movements, and planes are described

4. Positions & Directions

5.  Terms of position and direction describe the position of one body part relative to another, usually along one of the three major body planes

6. Superior  Refers to a structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body Inferior  Refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body

7. Anterior  Refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body Posterior  Refers to a structure being more in back than another structure in the body

8. Medial  Refers to a structure being closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body Lateral  Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline than another structure of the body

9. Distal  (Reference to the extremities only)  Refers to a structure being further away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb Proximal  (Reference to the extremities only)  Refers to a structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb

10. Superficial  Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure Deep  Refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure

11. Ventral  Towards the front or belly Dorsal  Towards the back

12. Prone  Lying face down  Like a Pro Baseball player sliding into Home. Supine  Lying face up  Lying on your spine and you can have soup poured into your mouth.

13. Unilateral  Pertaining to one side of the body Bilateral  Pertaining to both sides of the body

14. Anterior Body Landmarks  Abdominal  Anterior body trunk inferior to ribs  Acromial  Point of shoulder  Antebrachial  Forearm  Antecubital  Anterior surface of elbow  Axillary  Armpit  Brachial  Arm  Buccal  Cheek  Carpal  Wrist  Cervical  Neck  Coxal  Hip

15. Anterior Body Landmarks  Crural  Leg  Deltoid  Curve of shoulder  Digital  Fingers, toes  Femoral  Thigh  Fibular  Lateral part of leg  Frontal  Forehead  Inguinal  Groin  Mental  Chin  Nasal  Nose area  Oral  Mouth  Orbital  Eye area  Patellar  Anterior knee

16. Anterior Body Landmarks  Pelvic  Area overlying the pelvis anteriorly  Pubic  Genital region  Sternal  Breastbone area  Tarsal  Ankle region  Thoracic  Chest  Umbilical  Navel

17. Anatomical Regions: Anterior

18. Posterior Body Landmarks  Calcaneal  Heel of the foot  Cephalic  Head  Femoral  Thigh  Gluteal  Buttock  Lumbar  Area of back between ribs and hip (loin)  Occipital  Posterior surface of head/base of skull

19. Posterior Body Landmarks  Olecranal  Posterior surface of elbow  Popliteal  Posterior knee area  Sacral  Area between hips  Scapular  Shoulder blade region  Sural  Posterior surface of leg (calf)  Vertebral  Area of spinal column

20. Anatomical Regions: Posterior

21. Inferior Body Landmark  Plantar  Sole of foot

22. Anatomical Planes

23.  Fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned to facilitate viewing of its structures  Allow one to obtain a three- dimensional perspective by studying the body from different views

24. Sagittal Plane  The plane dividing the body into right and left portions  Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

25. Frontal/Coronal Plane  The plane dividing the body into front and back portions

26. Transverse/ Horizontal Plane (aka: cross section)  The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

27. Body Cavities

28. Dorsal Body Cavity  Two subdivisions:  Cranial cavity  Houses brain  Spinal cavity  Houses spinal cord

29. Ventral Body Cavity  Larger than dorsal cavity  Thoracic cavity  Contains lungs & heart  Separated from rest of ventral cavity by diaphragm  Further separated into right and left by mediastinum  Abdominopelvic cavity  Abdominal cavity  Contains stomach, liver, intestines  Pelvic cavity  Contains reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

30. Quadrants

31. Abdominopelvic Quadrants

32. Regions

33.  Umbilical region  Centermost region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel)  Epigastric region  Superior to the umbilical region  Hypogastric region  Inferior to the umbilical region  Right & Left Iliac/Inguinal regions  Lateral to the hypogastric region  Right & Left Lumbar regions  Lateral to the umbilical region  Right & Left Hypochondriac regions  Lateral to the epigastric region (contain lower ribs)