1. 1 PRESENTATION ON “OPEN ACCESS – ELECTRICITY ACT 2003” TO THE OFFICERS OF KARNATAKA ELECTRICITY BOARD On POWER ENGINEERS’ DAY 23 RD January, 2005 by V.K. Agrawal SRLDC, Bangalore

2. 2 PRESENTATION OVERVIEW  GRID OPERATION – AN OVERVIEW GRID OPERATION – AN OVERVIEW  ELECTRICITY ACT 2003 – STIPULATIONS ON OPEN ACCESS ELECTRICITY ACT 2003 – STIPULATIONS ON OPEN ACCESS  OPEN ACCESS – REGULATIONS BY CERC OPEN ACCESS – REGULATIONS BY CERC  SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – EXPERIENCE SO FAR SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – EXPERIENCE SO FAR  SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – CASE STUDIES SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – CASE STUDIES  SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – TYPICAL ISSUES SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – TYPICAL ISSUES  OPEN ACCESS – CHALLENGES AND TASKS AHEAD OPEN ACCESS – CHALLENGES AND TASKS AHEAD

3. 3 THANK YOU

4. 4 REGIONAL GRIDS QUICK FACTS

5. 5 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INSTALLED CAPACITY NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW EASTERN :- 17,697 MW SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW WESTERN :- 32,354 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW TOTAL 115,569 MW REGIONAL GRIDS

6. 6 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION ‘ ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 3 SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003 ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

7. 7 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION ‘ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

8. 8 Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India

9. 9 Sourcewise composition of installed capacity in India ( 1,15,569 in 2004)

10. 10 SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA KERALA POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

11. 11 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

12. 12 INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR STATESHYDROTHERMALNUCLEARDIESEL/GASWINDOTHERSTOTAL % AP35862993 2722 685321% KAR31661470 1285 476915% KER1808 235 20436% TN19963570 42319 600819% C.S 6990830360 818026% IPP22979402432245377407813% TOTAL1078515817830385127137731931 %34%50%3%12%1% The above capacity does not includes ---About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu. --- Micro and Captive plants in different states.

13. 13 SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW 31,931 MW HYDRO THERMAL WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS GAS

14. GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION A.P KAR TNKER GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW TYPICAL GENERATOR SPREAD IN SR UNIT CAPACITYAPKARKERTNCGSTOTAL THERMAL (500 MW) 279 THERMAL (200-250 MW) 107131545 GAS/THERMAL (100-150 MW) 9231024 HYDRO (>50 MW) 27 161585 TOTAL 48361938163 - HYDRO - THERMAL - GAS / NAPTHA - NUCLEAR

15. 15 LOAD 500-1200 MW LOAD 200-500 MW TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR

16. 16 TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR WINTER MONSOON SUMMER EVENING PEAK WEATHER RESERVOIRCONSUMPTION

17. 17 GRID OPERATION TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST

18. 18 GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS –FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION –CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES –SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS –SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES –UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT

19. 19 GRID PRESENT STATUS

20. 20 GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS  STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY  IMPROVED VOLTAGES IMPROVED VOLTAGES  MERIT ORDER OPERATION MERIT ORDER OPERATION  INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES  IMPROVED GRID SECURITY IMPROVED GRID SECURITY JAN - 02JAN - 03 Vol

21. 21 GRID PRESENT STATUS CARDINAL EVENTS

22. 22 GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME GENERATION ADDITION INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKSINTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE SCHD DRWL UI

23. 23

24. 24 MONSOONS SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON

25. 25 GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK BLACK-OUT VOLTAGE COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION INSTABILITY POWER SWINGS INCREASED LOSSES

26. 26 STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE SCATTER DIAGRAM HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE Df/dT CURVE RECORD FVI OF 0.04

27. 27 FREQUENCY PROFILE 2002, 2003 & 2004

28. 28 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2004 2003 <49.0 49.0 & <49.5 49.5 & <50.5 50.5 & Above MaxMinAvgFVISt. Dev 2004 0.031.4698.280.2350.8248.6249.950.310.12 2003 0.178.3290.660.8550.8548.6049.810.950.18 2002 73.6212.4512.841.0951.0847.6948.6323.590.44 2002

29. 29 Voltage at Bangalore Jan 02 & 03

30. 30 ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps CUM. INS. CAP.

31. 31 49.72 HZ

32. 32 MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP POWER STATIONSTATE CAPACITY(MW) FUEL VARIABLE COST TATA DIESELKARNATAKA 79 DIESEL308 RAYALSEEMA DGPPKARNATAKA 27 DIESEL360 YELEHANKA DIESELKARNATAKA 128 DIESEL314 THANRBHAVIKARNATAKA 220 NAPTHA325 SUB-TOTAL 454 BRAHAMPURAM DPPKERALA 107 DIESEL275 BSESKERALA 157 NAPTHA308 KASARGODE PCLKERALA 22 NAPTHA298 KAYAMKULAMKERALA 360 NAPTHA322 SUB-TOTAL 646 BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA584 P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA415 SUB-TOTAL 450 TOTAL 1550

33. 33 DEEP VALLEY SHARP PEAK

34. 34 KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION GENERATOR MODE PUMP SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED

35. 35 OPPORTUNISTIC UI TRADE POWER EXPORT TO WR ON UI BASIS DURING LOAD CRASH FREQ

36. 36 FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04 SHARAVATHI -1 FREQ DROP FROM 49.72 HZ TO 49.27 HZ i.e. ~ 0.45HZ

37. 37 FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04 SHARAVATHI -4 FREQ DROP FROM 49.72 HZ TO 49.27 HZ i.e. ~ 0.45HZ

38. 38 OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATION SHARAVATHY IN KARNATAKA THE COST OF GENERATION AT SHARAVATHY IS LESS THAN 20 Ps /UNIT AVERAGE SELLING UI RATE OF KARNATAKA IS 372 Ps/UNIT PLANT OPERATORS AT SHARAVATHY THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER THAN IN FEET!!! Rs.

39. 39

40. 40 MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994 NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC

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43. 43 INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES DETAILS UPTO 105 WKS (Till 26.12.04) WRER Net Energy Transaction 82 MU IMPORT BY SR 707 MU IMPORT BY SR Amount Due to SR Constituents Rs. 36.07 Cr.Rs. 2.36 Cr. Amount Credited TO SR Constituents Rs. 36.07 Cr.Rs. 2.36 Cr.

44. 44 APKARKERTNPONDY Total UI exported(-) / Imported(+) in MUs -365333191088898-23 Total amount paid in Crores Rs. -7215961862420.75 Average rate of UI in paise/unit 19718017127033 SUMMARY OF UI – 105 WKS (FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 02/JAN/05)

45. 45 UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 02/01/05) TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 6394 MU TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1245 CR AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MU AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 12 CR

46. 46 Back

47. 47 RTU SUB LDC SLDC ERLDC WRLDCNRLDCSRLDCNERLDC NLDC 32 Nos. 51 Nos. 1160 Nos. Unified Grid Operation 5 Nos. National Level Regional Level State HQ Level Group / Distt Level Plant / Sub- Station Level

48. 48 RLDC,Bangalore KalamasseryHyderabad Bangalore Chennai Cuddapah Warangal Vijayawada Kalam’erry Kannur Trivandrum Chennai Erode Madurai Bangalore Lingusugur Hubli CPCC SCC, Pondy Hyderabad Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region Andhra KeralaTamilnaduKarnataka

49. 49 Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Transformation Capacity ≈ 45000 MVA Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Installed Capacity ≈31870 MW Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Dynamic Grid Conditions Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 422 nos. Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ 37500 Ckm 40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc.

50. 50 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

51. 51 Kolar Chintamani Cudappah Hoody Hosur Salem Udumalpet Madras B’lore +/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM Electrode Station Electrode Station TALCHER 400kv System 220kv system KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATIC

52. 52 Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,000 MW 700 MW 1200MW 2000MW 900 MW 30,500 MW 16,000 32,700 MW 30,500 MW 2300 1850 MW 1650 MW

53. 53 13450 MW 1000 MW 6450 MW 4600 MW 1300 MW 3200 MW 30,000 MW OF INTER- REGIONAL POWER BY 2012 EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11 th PLAN (2012)

54. 54 RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON LEVEL IN MTS LEVEL31-Dec-03LEVEL31-Dec-04 JALAPUT 837.21834.94 LINGANMAKKI 543.84547.16 SUPA 532.42537.86 IDUKKI 713.96720.27 KAKKI 967.40969.29 NILGIRIS TOTAL ENERGY31-Dec-03ENERGY31-Dec-04 RISE IN MU % RISE 484390 - 94 - 19 1861253066936 945123028530 847122938245 485531469 5461358812149 51687268210041 Only 6500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (5 Months) 43 MUs/day could be generated as against about 63 MUs/day at present.

55. 55 REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES

56. 56 WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED 400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY

57. 57 FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9 th SEPTEMBER 2004 FVI = 0.04 Avg Freq = 49.99Hz 10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2 FVI = ------------------------------- 24 * 60

58. 58 Singrauli & Rihand 2555 2530 2491 2505 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02)Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection Schedule Unchahar-1 & 2 691 687 599 653 500 550 600 650 700 750 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02)Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection Schedule Dadri (T) 711 640 619 717 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection schedule Anta, Auraiya & Dadri 1478 1336 1330 1636 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabiltyInjection Schedule

59. 59