1. President in Crisis Virginia Tech President Charles Steger’s handling of the 4/16/07 campus shootings

2. Presidential Leadership Administrative, political & entrepreneurial Little control of what happens on campus but must take full responsibility Effective presidents must understand culture of institution and be a symbol/spokesperson Successful when able to separate the university from organizational failures and associate it with organizational successes

3. Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Located in Blacksburg, Virginia Land Grant Institution Established 1872 Innovative Research University Student population: 28,259 $524.7 Million endowment Mission: Teaching & Learning, Research & Discovery and Outreach & Engagement Mission

4. President Charles Steger Age 61 from Richmond, VA 40+ years at VT – Student (bachelors through doctoral) – Faculty, department head, dean, VP, president President since 2000 – Expanded outreach, chaired fundraising campaign Calm, prefers to be out of the limelight Excellent communicator

5. 4/16/07 Tragedy 7:15 a.m. Two students shot in dorm 7:30 a.m. Police working on leads of shootings 8:25 a.m. VT officials meet to debrief events 9:26 a.m. VT emails community - dorm shootings 9:45 a.m. 911 call - shootings in Norris Hall (30 killed) 9:50 a.m. VT email: stay put 10:16 a.m. VT email: classes cancelled, stay put 12:41 p.m. Pres. Steger begins press conferences

6. President Steger’s Response Massacre was first of its kind in history Minimal emergency procedures Criticized for not notifying community faster Awkward dialogue with reporters over possible missteps in response 17 page emergency plan in place (2005) No practiced lockdowns in 2006 Governor calls for full review panel

7. Findings from Review Panel Troubled student was ignored – Those who tried to help were denied by Cho Campus alert system would have saved lives Quicker response would have been better Impossible to lock down entire campus Cho was sole cause of issue No Administrators were named in report 400 Recommendations Received

8. VT Post - Tragedy Office of Recovery & Support Emergency Notification Systems VT and other Universities Budget $14.8 M state cut in 2007; additional 6% cut in 2008 $12M to victim’s families $12M first year’s emergency initiatives $3.85M litigation $2.65M from Federal Funds to continue counseling Enrollment

9. VT Emergency Changes Email and text emergency alert system New locks/bolts from inside of classrooms Threat assessment team established Enhanced police department

10. VT reaction – Should Steger Stay “I never considered resigning” Immediately Blogs & petitions begin Overwhelming support for Steger – Students, alumni, families and VA Governor Web Site We Support VT – 18,000+ comments http://www.wesupportvt.com/comments.php?st art=12600 Students send Steger “We’ve Got Your Back”

11. VT reaction – Should Steger Go Several parents of victims called for dismissal “I think that in this case his lack of leadership and his lack of compassion for the families is just astounding.” – William O’Neil, parent of slain son “It’s hard to believe that this happened, and the university made all these mistakes, and the university missed all these opportunities, and that nobody will be held accountable.” – Cathy Read, stepmother of slain student

12. Recommendations Due to unprecedented nature of shootings, Steger reacted appropriately Emergency systems and institutional response implemented – should continue to test and scrutinize procedures Continue to prioritize mental health screening and assistance Steger continues to be effective president

14. Discussion Points Did the Administration act quickly enough Did Steger act appropriately? What other things could Steger do differently? Should Steger stay or go? How will funding cuts affect the future of Virginia Tech?

15. Resources Steger Reflects on last year, but continues to look forward http://www.collegiatetimes.com/stories/2008/04/16/steger_reflects_ on_last_year__but_continues_to_look_forward http://www.collegiatetimes.com/stories/2008/04/16/steger_reflects_ on_last_year__but_continues_to_look_forward Virginia Tech web site http://www.vt.edu/ Tech president says budget cut will hit “quality” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/sep/08/tech-president- says-budget-cut-will-hit-quality/ http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/sep/08/tech-president- says-budget-cut-will-hit-quality/ Shooting report “critical” of Tech response http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/31/shooting- report-critical-of-tech-response/ http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/31/shooting- report-critical-of-tech-response/ New Report Faults Va. Tech Response to Shooter http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14045192

16. Resources (cont.) The Dilemma of presidential leadership P. G. Altbach, R. O. Berdahl, & P. J Gumport (Eds.), American higher education in the twenty-first century. (2 nd ed., pp. 340-365). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press Virginia Tech President Haunted by Shootings http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89669537 Virginia Tech Weighs Hundreds of Recommendations and Acts on Some http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/us/lnacademic/s earch/homesubmitForm.do http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/us/lnacademic/s earch/homesubmitForm.do A Popular President Stumbles, Recovers http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2007/04/18/AR2007041802588.htm http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2007/04/18/AR2007041802588.htm Tech gets funds to keep healing going http://www.roanoke.com/news/nrv/wb/179897