1. Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter

2. Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother.

3. States of Matter Physical forms in which a substance can exist. The are four solid liquid gas plasma

5. Solids Definite shape and volume. The attraction between the particles are stronger than the attraction between the particles in either a liquid or a gas. Atoms do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Each atom vibrates in place.

6. Crystalline VS Amorphous Solids Crystalline – orderly arrangement Amorphous – no orderly arrangement

7. Liquids Takes shape of its container. No definite shape but a definite volume. Particles move fast enough for some of them to slide between one another

8. Properties of Liquids Particles are close to one another so good for hydraulic brakes etc. surface tension – force acting on the particles at the surface of the liquid Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow

9. Maple syrup is more viscous than water Water striders walk on water because of surface tension

10. Gas No definite shape or volume Atoms move fast enough to break away completely from one another Particle have less attraction between them than liquid or solid There is empty space between the particles The amount of empty space can change

12. Review Solid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma 1. On a blank piece of paper, put the numbers 1-13 2. Write solid, liquid, gas, or plasma for each of the following PowerPoint slides

13. 1. This has a definite shape and volume

14. 2. This has no definite shape or volume

15. 3. Its particles are tightly packed together

16. 4. Has a definite volume but no definite shape

17. 5. Rare on earth but most common in universe

18. 6. Particles can move freely to all parts of container

19. 7. Particles change position by sliding past one another

20. 8. Only movement of particles is vibrations

21. 9. Found at very high temperatures and pressures

22. 10. A container of this is always full

23. 11. Highest energy

24. 12. Lowest energy

25. 13. Found in lightning strikes and auroras

26. Answers to Review Questions 1. Solid 2. Gas/plasma 3. Solid 4. Liquid 5. Plasma 6. Gas/plasma 7. Liquid 8. Solid 9. Plasma 10. Gas/plasma 11. Plasma 12. Solid 13. Plasma

28. Gas Pressure Pressure – the amount of force exerted in a given area

29. The greater the amount of particles, the greater the pressure

30. Gas Laws These laws describe the the behavior of gases in relationship to temperature and pressure ◦Boyle’s Law ◦Charles’ Law

31. Boyle’s Law For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases The volume of gas decreases as the pressure increases Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship

33. Charles’s Law At constant pressure as temperature increases, volume increases As temperature decreases, volume decreases

36. Plasmas The fourth state of matter No definite shape or volume Most unknown on earth but most common in universe Created when electrons are stripped off of an atom leaving the charged particles Found on earth in lightning strikes, auroras, and fluorescent lights Affected by magnetic fields and can conduct electricity