1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6. List two reasons to create a prorupted state.

7. 7. What is the term for a state that has no direct access to the sea?

8. 1.

9. 1. Elongated States: Potential Isolation Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communications.

10. 2.

11. 2. Compact States: Efficient In a compact state, the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. The ideal theoretical compact state would be shaped like a circle, with the capital at the center and the shortest possible boundaries to defend.

12. 3.

13. 3. Prorupted States: Access or Disruption An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension is a prorupted state. Proruptions are created for 2 reasons: Access to a resource such as water They can also separate two states that otherwise would share a boundary.

15. When the British ruled the otherwise compact state of Afghanistan, they superimposed a proruption to the east that was to prevent Russia from sharing a border with Pakistan.

16. 4.

17. 4. Perforated States: South Africa A state that completely surrounds another is a perforated state.

18. 5.

19. The most extreme fragmented state is Indonesia, made up of 13,677 islands.

20. What is Russia?