1. Warm Up Question How do you think the people of North America adapted to their environment?

2. Ch. 1 Section 3: North American Peoples, pg. 28 Main Idea: Many different cultures lived in North America before the arrival of the Europeans. Key Terms: –Pueblo –Drought –Adobe –Federation

3. Early Native Americans Many Native American cultures existed in North America before Europeans arrived in the 1500’s. The Hohokam lived in the desert of present-day Arizona. Their civilization flourished from about A.D. 300 to A.D. 1300. They built irrigation channels to bring water to the dry land from nearby Gila and Salt Rivers and left behind pottery, carved stone and shells.

4. Anasazi The Anasazi lived in an area known as the four corners in present day Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico from A.D. 1 to A.D. 1300. The Anasazi built stone and cliff dwellings. A pueblo or stone dwelling looked like an apartment building. The cliff dwellings were built into the walls of steep cliffs. Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde are examples of each.

8. Early Native Americans Cont. In about 1300, the Anasazi left these dwellings to settle in smaller communities, perhaps due to droughts during which their crops dried up. The Mound Builders lived in central North America from present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley. They built mounds of earth that looked like the Aztec stone pyramids. The Adena were hunters and gatherers and among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio River Valley around 800 B.C. The Hopewell people were farmers and traders who built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears and snakes. They left behind pearls, shells, cloth and copper in the mounds to show their variety of trade. The Cahokia built the largest settlement in present day Illinois. This city may have had 16,000 people. The highest mound, Monks Mound, rose nearly 100 feet and was probably the highest structure north of Mexico.

11. The Inuit The peoples of the North were the Inuit, settling in the cold Artic region. Inuits may have been the last to migrate to North America. They built igloos to protect themselves from severe weather. They wore furs and seal skins to keep them warm and dry. They were hunters and fishers.

14. Peoples of the West The peoples of the West were many: Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone. They used the resources of the forests and sea as they hunted and gathered food. The Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food.

16. Peoples of the Southwest The peoples of the Southeast were the Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni. Their homes were made of adobe bricks and they raised maize, beans, and squash. The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s. They were hunters and gatherers, unlike the other peoples of the region and built square homes called hogans.

17. Hogan

18. Plains Peoples The peoples of the Plains were nomads. They hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees that they moved with them from place to place. They learned to tame wild horses and use them to hunt and fight.

19. Peoples of the East The peoples of the East, the Iroquois and the Cherokee, formed complex political systems of governing. The Iroquois formed five groups: the Onondaga, the Seneca, the Mohawk, the Oneida, and the Cayuga. Until the late 1500’s when these groups formed the Iroquois League also called the Iroquois Confederacy, they fought wars with one another when needed.

20. Peoples of the Southeast The peoples of the Southeast were the Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee. They farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south.

21. Wrap Up Questions Why do you think the dwellings of early Native Americans were large and massive? Why do you think the different Native American tribes developed a wide variety of culture?