2. INVERTEBRATES KRAUZ/MALAZZO/BORDI

3. INVERTEBRATES ZORGANISMS WITHOUT A BACKBONE

4. INVERTEBRATES Z97 - 98 % OF ALL ANIMALS ARE INVERTEBRATES

5. INVERTEBRATES

6. ZINVERTEBRATES ARE THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF LIVING THINGS ON THE PLANET!!!!

7. SPONGES (PORIFERA) ZPORIFERA LITERALLY MEANS “PORE BEARERS”

8. SPONGES (PORIFERA) ZAZALMOST ALL SPONGES ARE MARINE AND ARE SESSILE

9. ZNO TRUE TISSUES OR ORGANS ZTHEY ARE SUSPENSION, OR FILTER, FEEDERS

10. SPONGES (PORIFERA)

11. ZSPICULES ACT LIKE A SKELETON, PROVIDING STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND PROTECTION FROM PREDATORS

12. SPONGES (PORIFERA) ZREPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING ZREPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY SPAWNING

13. SPONGES (PORIFERA) ZBUDDINGZSPAWNING

14. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZPHYLUM CNIDARIA INCLUDES THE SEA ANEMONES, JELLIES (JELLYFISHES), AND CORALS

15. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZCALLED CNIDARIANS BECAUSE THEY POSSESS CNIDOCYTES (NEMATOCYSTS), OR STINGING CELLS

16. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZTHEY POSSESS BOTH AN ORAL AND ABORAL SURFACE.

17. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZEXIST AS EITHER POLYP OR MEDUSA

18. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZCNIDARIANS ARE CARNIVORES

19. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZTHE PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR CAN GROW TENTACLES OVER 150 FT LONG, AND CONTAINS LETHAL TOXIN.

20. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZSEA ANEMONES EXIST IN MANY DIFFERENT COLORS

21. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZCORALS BUILD “STONY” SKELETONS MADE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE

22. ANEMONES, JELLIES, CORALS (CNIDARIA) ZCORALS GIVE RISE TO CORAL REEFS, THE MOST DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS ON EARTH!!

23. WORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES)

24. ZPLATYHELMINTHES ARE THE FLAT WORMS; FLAT BODIED.

25. WORMS (NEMATODES) ZNEMATODES ARE THE ROUND WORMS; TUBULAR BODIES.

26. WORMS (ANNELIDS)

28. MOLLUSKS (MOLLUSCA) ZPHYLUM MOLLSUCA INCLUDES THE GASTROPODS (SNAILS), BIVALVES (CLAMS), AND CEPHALOPODS (OCTOPUSES AND SQUIDS)

29. MOLLUSKS (MOLLUSCA)

30. ZARE SOFT BODIED WITH A CALCIUM CARBONATE OR CHITIN SHELL FOR PROTECTION.

31. MOLLUSKS (MOLLUSCA) ZTHEY OBTAIN OXYGEN THROUGH A PAIR OF GILLS ZTHEY HAVE SEPARATE SEXES!!

32. SNAILS ( GASTROPODS ) ZTHE LARGEST GROUP OF MOLLUSKS, WITH ABOUT 90,000 SPECIES!!

33. SNAILS ( GASTROPODS ) ZGASTROPOD LITERALLY MEANS “STOMACH- FOOTED”

34. SNAILS ( GASTROPODS )

35. ZSOME ARE HERMAPHRODITES, WITH BOTH MALE AND FEMALES GONADS.

36. SNAILS ( GASTROPODS ) ZSNAILS FERTILIZE BY THE EXCHANGE OF SPERM.

37. SNAILS ( GASTROPODS ) ZSOME SPAWN, BUT MOST COPULATE…THE MALE HAS A LONG FLEXIBLE PENIS WHICH IS USED TO TRANSFER SPERM

38. CLAMS ( BIVALVES ) ZTHIS CLASS INCLUDES ORGANISMS WITH TWO SHELLS LIKE CLAMS, OYSTERS, MUSSELS, SCALLOPS ETC.

39. CLAMS ( BIVALVES ) ZBIVALVE LITERALLY MEANS “TWO- VALVES”, OR SIPHONS WHERE WATER PASSES THROUGH.

40. CLAMS ( BIVALVES ) ZBIVALVES ARE FILTER FEEDERS!!

41. CLAMS ( BIVALVES )

42. ZTHE LARGEST BIVALVE, THE GIANT CLAM, CAN GROW TO OVER 3 FT!!

43. CLAMS ( BIVALVES ) ZPEARLS FORM WHEN CALCIUM CARBONATE IS RELEASED TO COAT/COVER IRRITATING PARTICLES.

44. OCTOPUSES + SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZCEPHALOPOD LITERALLY MEANS “HEAD- FOOTED”; INCLUDES THE OCTOPUSES, SQUIDS, AND CUTTLEFISH.

45. OCTOPUSES + SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS )

46. ZHIGHLY COMPLEX NERVOUS SYSTEMS ZREDUCED, OR LOST, SHELL!!

47. OCTOPUSES + SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZTENTACLES HAVE SUCKERS TO CAPTURE AND HOLD PREY!!

48. OCTOPUSES + SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZWATER ENTERS THROUGH THE GILLS AND IS FORCED OUT THROUGH A SIPHON/FUNNEL ZMOVEMENT IS ACCOMPLISHE D BY FORCING THE WATER OUT THE FUNNEL AT HIGH SPEED; THIS IS A FORM OF AQUATIC JET PROPULSION!! JET PROPULSION

49. OCTOPUSES + SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZALL CEPHALOPDS UTILIZE INTERNAL FERTILIZATION, MALE TRANSFERS A PACKET OF SPERM TO FEMALE.

50. OCTOPUSES ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZHAVE EIGHT LONG ARMS ZNO SHELL!! ZARE DEMERSAL

51. OCTOPUSES ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZLACK OF SHELL ALLOWS OCTOPUS TO SQUEEZE THROUGH EXTREMELY TIGHT SPACE!!

52. OCTOPUSES ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZRANGE IN SIZE FROM 2 INCHES (DWARF OCTOPUS) TO 30 FT (GIANT PACIFIC OCTOPUS)

53. OCTOPUSES ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZTHEIR DIET CONSISTS MAINLY OF SHRIMPS, CRABS AND LOBSTERS ZCAN DISTRACT PREDATORS BY SHOOTING INK!

54. OCTOPUSES ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZSTAY AWAY!!!!!!!!!!!

55. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZBETTER SWIMMERS THAN OCTOPUSES Z10 ARMS!!! Z2 OF THE ARMS ARE LONGER WITH SUCKERS ONLY AT ENDS!

56. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZHAVE A REDUCED INTERNAL SHELL CALLED THE PEN HIDDEN IN THEIR MANTLE.

57. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZSIMILAR DIET TO OCTOPUSES ZESCAPE PREDATORS VIA INK SAC AND QUICK SWIMMING (JET PROPULSION)

58. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZRANGE IN SIZE FROM A FEW CENTIMETERS TO THE LARGEST INVERTEBRATE, THE GIANT SQUID (66 FT)

59. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZGIANT SQUID

60. SQUIDS ( CEPHALOPODS ) ZGIANT SQUID

61. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) Z3 OUT OF 4 ANIMALS ON EARTH ARE ARTHROPODS

62. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZARTHROPOD LITERALLY MEANS “JOINTED FOOT” ZHAVE BENDABLE APPENDAGES

63. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZALL ARTHROPODS HAVE AN EXOSKELETON ZMUST MOLT TO GROW

64. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZLARGEST GROUP OF MARINE ARTHROPODS ARE THE CRUSTACEANS

65. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZHAVE GILLS ZHAVE TWO ANTENNAE FOR SENSING ENVIRONMENT

66. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZMOST HAVE COMPOUND EYES WITH THOUSANDS OF LIGHT RECEPTORS

67. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZLOBSTERS, CRABS, AND SHRIMPS ARE DECAPODS (10 LEGS)

68. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZHERMIT CRABS ARE NOT TRUE CRABS; USE AN EMPTY SHELL, USUALLY LEFT OVER FROM A GASTROPOD

69. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZHORSESHOE CRABS ARE NOT TRUE CRABS, MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO SPIDERS ZPART OF THE CLASS MEROSTOMATA

70. LOBSTERS, CRABS, SHRIMPS (ARTHOPODS) ZHORSESHOE CRAB BLOOD IS BLUE (DUE TO COPPER) ZUSEFUL AS A DETECTOR OF CONTAMINANTS IN MEDICATION

71. SEA STARS, SEA URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS (ECHINODERMS)

72. ZECHINODERM LITERALLY MEANS “SPINY- SKINNED”

73. SEA STARS, SEA URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS (ECHINODERMS) ZMOST EXHIBIT RADIAL SYMMETRY AS ADULTS

74. SEA STARS, SEA URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS (ECHINODERMS)

75. ZLACK A HEAD; NO ANTERIOR OR POSTERIOR END. NO DORSAL OR VENTRAL SIDE.

76. SEA STARS, SEA URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS (ECHINODERMS) ZREGENERATION, GROWING BACK LOST BODY PARTS, IS COMMON AMONGST ALL ECHINODERMS

77. INVERTEBRATES ZNO BACKBONE ZINCLUDE PORIFERA, CNIDARIA, MOLLUSKS (GASTROPODS, BIVALVES, CEPHALOPODS), ARTHROPODS, AND ECHINODERMS

78. INVERTEBRATES ZTHE END!!