1. Abnormal Psychology Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D.

2. What Is Abnormal Psychology? Study of statistically rare behavior? Study of socially unacceptable behavior? Personal distress? Behavioral or mental dysfunction?

3. Psychopathology Text: Study of the nature and development of abnormal behavior, thoughts and feelings. More literally, “distress of the mind or spirit.”

4. Mental Health Professions Clinical Psychologist Psychiatrist Social Worker Counselor or Counseling Psychologist

5. I. Early History of Psychopathology Early demonology Somatogenesis –Hippocrates Mania Melancholia Prenitis

6. History of Psychopathology Hippocrates –Balance of humors Blood Black bile Yellow bile Phlegm

7. Greece and Rome Excess of black bile yielded depression (melancholic) Excess of yellow bile yielded anxiety (choleric) Excess of phelgm yields calm indifference (phelgmatic) Excess of blood yields unstable mood (sanguine)

8. Prehistoric Concepts & Treatment Prehistoric Analysis –Demonic possession –“Evil Spirits” –Trephining (drilling holes in skull) –Exorcism

9. Prehistoric Concepts & Treatment Trephing

10. Prehistoric Concepts & Treatment Trephing

11. Advances in Greece - Roman Era Some arguments that psychological disorders result from emotional experiences Galen studied anatomy, suggested abnormal behavior could have psychological causes

12. History of Psychopathology Dark Ages –Associated again with demonology –Viewed mental illness as spiritual –Witches and warlocks –Isolation of mental illness

13. Reform Movement Europe and United States in the 1700’s Public institutions were like dungeons Pinel and Pussin removed irons from mental patients

14. Reform Movement Moral treatment - actually an advance Rush - 1783 Pennsylvania Hospital Dix - reformed Massachusetts

15. History of Psychopathology Development of Moral Treatment. –Pinel in 1793 provided humanitarian care. –Emphasized responsibility.

16. History of Psychopathology More contemporary thoughts –Return to somatogenesis –Kraepelin (1883) syndromes noted Cluster of symptoms that appear together regularly Still the basis of most mental illness diagnosis

17. History of Psychopathology Disease model –Advanced by understanding of general paresis –Related to syphilis –Advance of the germ theory (Pasteur) –In 1905, cause of syphilis was discovered

18. History of Psychopathology Psychogenesis –Mesmer’s treatment of hysterical patients –Use of hypnosis –Freudian analysis and free association

19. History of Psychopathology Current dominance of medical model –Syndrome, diagnosis, treatment –Biochemical treatment –Cognitive-behavioral therapies –Empirically validated treatments –Interpersonal/counseling therapies

20. Contemporary Developments Community Mental Health Humanistic Approaches Family and Systems Analysis