1. Foreign Policy
Chapter 17

2. Goals & Objectives
Foreign Affairs & National Security; Isolationism to Internationalism
Foreign & Defense Agencies: CIA, NSA
Monroe Doctrine, Manifest Destiny, WWI & WWII, Cold War, Terrorism
Foreign Aid & Defense Alliances: NATO, UN, Middle East

3. Isolationism to Internationalism
Domestic Affairs:
Foreign Affairs:
Isolationism: Why refusal to become involved?
George Washington: “Stay out of European affairs”.
Too Costly: War through the alliance system.
Too Costly: Trade barriers

4. Isolationism to Imperialism

5. Today’s World Chemical & Biological Weapons Drug Cartels
Rogue States (Iran, N. Korea)
International Terrorists
Civil Wars
What role should the U.S. Play and Why?

6. Drug Cartels to Terrorists

7. Foreign Policy Defined
Diplomatic
Military
Commercial
Which foreign policy characteristic most often leads our nation into foreign wars and why?
Use 3 examples to support your answer.

8. Role of President in Foreign Policy
Commander-in-Chief: Military
Chief Diplomat: Appointment
Executive Treaty: Agreements
Head of State: Spokesman

9. Foreign Policy Defined
Treaties
Alliances
Trade
Defense
Economic Aid
U.N. (International Law)
Imports/Exports
Immigration
Space Exploration

10. Secretary of State President’s right arm in foreign affairs
Conduct the Nation’s Foreign Policy
C. Powell-GH Bush appointment, 1st African American
C. Rice- GW Bush appointment, 1st African American Female
1st Cabinet Member
5th in line for the Presidency

11. Ambassadors Promote American Interests: Special Ambassadors: Trade
Intelligence
Immigration
Aiding American Citizens abroad
Special Ambassadors:
United Nations
North Atlantic Treaty Council

12. Role of the Secretary of State

13. Passports & Visas Passports: legal permission to leave
Visas: legal permission to enter
Ilegal Immigrants vs. American passports
You must have permission to depart but not to enter the United States..?

14. Passports Visas

15. Diplomatic Immunity Ambassadors may not be sued, taxed, or arrested.
They have privacy in their papers, communications and other property.
Persona non grata- may be expelled for unacceptable behavior.

16. Department of War Defense Department
The War Department (1789)
The Department of the Navy (1798)
The Defense Department (1947)
National Security Act
Unify all military departments under one umbrella
1.4 million military personnel

17. Defense Department Civil Control of the military…
Why? Dangers posed to free government
Congress power to declare war and regulate the armed services
President commander-in-chief
Checks and Balances

18. American Militia: 2nd Amendment Right to Form & Maintain a Well-Regulated Militia

19. Defense Department Secretary of Defense: appointed and confirmed.
Pentagon: one-forth of federal budget
Joint Chiefs: 5 members
Chairman of Joint Chiefs
Army Chief
Chief of Naval Operations
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Air Force Chief of Staff

20. Pentagon

21. The Big 3 Military Departments
Army
Navy: Marine Corps
Air Force

22. United States ARMY

23. Department of Army Oldest Largest
Created: 1775 Second Continental Congress
Ground Base Operations, land warfare
Regular Army, Army National Guard, Army Reserve
435,000 men 75,000 women (no special forces)
Heavy Guns, Helicopter, Anti-Aircraft

24. Unites States NAVY

25. United States MARINES: Department of the U.S. Navy

26. Department of Navy Second Continental Congress 1775
Sea warfare and Defense
385,000 men, 50,000 women
Marine Corps: 1775
Land force for Naval Operations
160,000 men, 10,000 women

27. United States AIR FORCE

28. Department of Air Force
Youngest (1947)
Aeronautical Division of the Army Signal Corps (1907)
******Nation’s First Line of Defense
Air and Aerospace Operations
To attack enemy on land, air, sea
Transport and support responsibilities
365,000 men 65,000 women

29. Foreign Affairs & Defense Agencies
FBI-Federal Bureau of Investigations
Combats terrorism, espionage
Public Health Service:
Pandemics, bioterrorism, diseases
Coast Guard:
Protect shipping on high seas

30. Centers for Disease Control

31. Federal Bureau of Investigations

32. United States Coast Guard

33. Central Intelligence Agency
National Security Council (1947)
Appointed by President, confirmed by Senate
CIA:
Coordinate information-gathering
Analyze and evaluate data (info)
Brief President and NSC members

34. Central Intelligence Agency

35. Central Intelligence Agency
“cloak and dagger” agency
Espionage or spying
Covert-secret operations
Not allowed to conduct operations in United States

36. Department of Homeland Security
2002: Anti-Terrorism agency
Border and Transportation
Infrastructure protection
Emergency Preparedness
Chemical, Biological Radiological, nuclear Defense
Information analysis

37. Homeland Security Secret Service Customs INS Coast Guard
Transportation
Treasury
FEMA

38. NASA
1957: National Aeronautics and Space Administration—independent agency
1986: Challenger
2003: Columbia
Origin, Evolution, Structure of Universe
Space Station (2000): Brazil, Canada, US, Russia, Japan, 10 European Nations

39. NASA

40. Selective Service System
1790’s Beginning; no way to enforce
Civil War: South and North
Conscripted:
Compulsory:
Selective Service Act of 1917: WWI
Draft ends 1947 following WWII
1st peacetime draft: , Vietnam
18-26 years of age: Major Protests
Draft suspended 1973 until Jimmy Carter by executive order reactivates

41. Founding Fathers Warnings
G. Washington: 1796; to steer clear of permanent alliances
T. Jefferson: 1801; no entangling alliances
Why Isolationism?

42. Manifest Destiny East Coast to West Coast—One Nation
Louisiana Purchase: 1803
Texas 1845
Mexican-American War
Oregon 1846
Native American Territories and the Railroads
1853 Gadsden Purchase
1867 Alaska
1867 War with France in Mexico

43. East Coast to West Coast: One Nation

44. The Monroe Doctrine
1823: Western Hemisphere warning to Russia and Europe
Protect American trade interests
Expansion of Manifest Destiny North and South Poles

45. Monroe Doctrine an Empire

46. Spanish-American War 1898 Philippines Guam Puerto Rico Cuba ? Hawaii
S. Dole and the Hawaiian King and Queen?

47. Spanish-American War 1898

48. Good Neighbor Policy T. Roosevelt Corollary
1903 Panama and Colombia and Panamian Canal
Dollar Diplomacy
Big Stick Diplomacy
2. F. Roosevelt and a Good Neighbor
: Rio Pact—Stay Out Warning!

49. Speak Softly & Carry a Big Stick

50. Open Door Policy in China
Trade and Commerce
Boxer Rebellion
1899: War with China

51. Boxers vs Economic Expansion

52. W. Wilson’s Big Lie 1916: “Reelect me, I kept you out of war”
1917: Selective Service Act
1917: “to make the world safe for democracy”
You can have any type of government you want as long as it is democratic?
Banks: 20 million loans to G. Britain and France

53. 14 Points: League of Nations

54. Post WWI 3 Back to Back to Back Republicans
Warren G. Harding: “A return to Normalcy”
Isolationists
Roaring 20’s
American Banks finance European governments? Punish Germany?
New war!

55. Return to Normalcy: End of WWI

56. WWII (1941-1945) FDR: “arsenal for/of democracy”
Allies: ??? China, Russia, Great Britain
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Today’s Enemy: Russia, China
Today’s Allies: Germany, Japan????
Supplied Allies to defeat Axis in WWII, ended Great Depression in America

57. 2 New Principles Collective Security Deterrence United Nations 1945
Military Might
GW Bush: preemptive war, 1st strike to potential enemy

58. Truman Doctrine Containment: stop spread of communism
How?
Economic and Military Aid
Where?
Greece , Turkey, Cuba
When?

59. Berlin Blockade East Germany: Soviet, Communism
West Germany: G. Britain, France, U.S
When?
Why? To force out G. Britain, France, U.S.
Battle of the Bulge
What Happened? Pearl Harbor?

60. Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro turned to Communism When? 1959
Why? Lot’s of cash from the Soviets
When? 1962, CIA invasion of Cuba
Result: Defeated by Cubans and Soviets
13 day Nuclear threat of War!

61. Korean Conflict When? 1950-1953 Who? ****1st and only UN war.
Why? Containment
Results: 20 billion spent, 33,629 American soldiers lives
Today: Standoff along 38th parallel
Is Communism really defeated?

62. Vietnam Conflict When? 1954-1975 America’s longest war
Who? U.S. vs. Nationalist Ho Chi Minh, China, USSR
Why? Containment
Results: America defeated in retreat
Today: Vietnam is a semi-Communist country
58,000 dead American Soldiers

63. Vietnam Conflict America’s distrust of Foreign Policy
America’s distrust of Selective Service Act
America’s need to regain world respect for foreign policy initatitves

64. Cold War 1945-1992 United Soviet Socialists Republic
USSR:
WAR against Communism and Socialism
What was the threat? Explain your answer.
Détente: relaxation of tensions with?

65. Dangerous World Osama bin Laden: al Qaida Taliban-Afghanistan
Nuclear Arsenals: Pakistan, India, N. Korea, Iran
Saddam Hussein: Iraq

66. Foreign Aid 60 years of aid dating back to FDR’s Lend-Lease Act
$500 Billion in Aid to 100 countries

67. Security Alliances NATO: 1949 ? Rio Pact: 1947 ? Japanese Pact: 1951 ?
Philippines Pact: 1951 ?
Korean Pact: 1953 ?
Taiwan Pact: 1954 ?
United Nations: 1945 ?
Israel: 1948