2. Character Analysis Old woman (Smith): (direct characterization) aged about 60 years old with great tumbling breasts and thick coils of white hair. When she enters in the chapter, she is drunk and was resisting against the guards. Winston discovers that he shares the same last name with the lady wondering if she is his mother. This is a foreshadow to that Winston might meet someone again who was lost long-ago. Old woman (Smith): (direct characterization) aged about 60 years old with great tumbling breasts and thick coils of white hair. When she enters in the chapter, she is drunk and was resisting against the guards. Winston discovers that he shares the same last name with the lady wondering if she is his mother. This is a foreshadow to that Winston might meet someone again who was lost long-ago. Ampleforth: (direct characterization) A poet whose crime was leaving the word “God” in a poem he wrote because he could find no other words that would rhyme with “rod”. He is described as several days away from a shave and a scrubby beard covered his face to the cheek bones which suggests that he has been arrested days before. However, he is soon dragged into room 101. This frightens Winston greatly and foreshadows Winston’s trip to room 101. Ampleforth: (direct characterization) A poet whose crime was leaving the word “God” in a poem he wrote because he could find no other words that would rhyme with “rod”. He is described as several days away from a shave and a scrubby beard covered his face to the cheek bones which suggests that he has been arrested days before. However, he is soon dragged into room 101. This frightens Winston greatly and foreshadows Winston’s trip to room 101.

3. Parsons: (indirect characterization) Winston’s fat neighbor is brought into the cell accused of thoughtcrime by his own daughter. He talks with Winston asking numerous questions. This leads the reader to believe he is becoming mentally unstable and cannot differentiate between what he truly believes and what the party believes. He is soon taken away. Parsons: (indirect characterization) Winston’s fat neighbor is brought into the cell accused of thoughtcrime by his own daughter. He talks with Winston asking numerous questions. This leads the reader to believe he is becoming mentally unstable and cannot differentiate between what he truly believes and what the party believes. He is soon taken away. O’Brien: (indirect characterization) Winston’s only hope for the brotherhood reveals himself as an operator of the Ministry of Love when he says, “they got me a long time ago”. This destroys all of Winston’s will to live. Ironically, O’Brien forced Winston to believe the he knew all along that he was part of the Ministry of Love and Winston complies. O’Brien: (indirect characterization) Winston’s only hope for the brotherhood reveals himself as an operator of the Ministry of Love when he says, “they got me a long time ago”. This destroys all of Winston’s will to live. Ironically, O’Brien forced Winston to believe the he knew all along that he was part of the Ministry of Love and Winston complies. Character Analysis

4. Newspeak/Vocabulary Wheedle: (v.) to endeavor to influence (a person) by smooth, flattering, or beguiling words or acts; to obtain something by artful persuasions. Used to describe the prisoners trying to persuade the guards to give them cigarettes through the spy-hole by calling them nicknames to get them on good-terms. This showed how desperate the prisoners were because deep inside they knew they would get anything from the guards. Wheedle: (v.) to endeavor to influence (a person) by smooth, flattering, or beguiling words or acts; to obtain something by artful persuasions. Used to describe the prisoners trying to persuade the guards to give them cigarettes through the spy-hole by calling them nicknames to get them on good-terms. This showed how desperate the prisoners were because deep inside they knew they would get anything from the guards. “ On the other hand, some of them seemed to be on good terms with the guards, called them by nicknames, and tried to wheedle cigarettes through the spy-hole in the door. ” “ On the other hand, some of them seemed to be on good terms with the guards, called them by nicknames, and tried to wheedle cigarettes through the spy-hole in the door. ” Forbearance: (n.) an abstaining from the enforcement of a right; tolerance and restraint in the face of provocation; patience. Used to describe the guards ’ toleration and patience towards the prisoners. This shows how devoted the guards were to the party because even though they wanted to give certain prisoners something, the wouldn ’ t due to their loyalty. Forbearance: (n.) an abstaining from the enforcement of a right; tolerance and restraint in the face of provocation; patience. Used to describe the guards ’ toleration and patience towards the prisoners. This shows how devoted the guards were to the party because even though they wanted to give certain prisoners something, the wouldn ’ t due to their loyalty. “ The guards, too, treated the common criminals with a certain forbearance, even when they had to handle them roughly. ” “ The guards, too, treated the common criminals with a certain forbearance, even when they had to handle them roughly. ”

5. Incredulous: (adj.) indicating or showing unbelief; skeptical; disbelieving. Used to describe Parson ’ s disbelief that he committed thoughtcrime. This shows how the people of Oceania don ’ t know what they are truly thinking anymore. Incredulous: (adj.) indicating or showing unbelief; skeptical; disbelieving. Used to describe Parson ’ s disbelief that he committed thoughtcrime. This shows how the people of Oceania don ’ t know what they are truly thinking anymore. “ The tone of his voice implied at once a complete admission of his guilt and a sort of incredulous horror that such a word could be applied to himself. ” “ The tone of his voice implied at once a complete admission of his guilt and a sort of incredulous horror that such a word could be applied to himself. ” Sanctimonious: (adj.) making a hypocritical show of religious devotion, piety, righteousness. etc; obsolete, holy; sacred. Used to describe Parson ’ s face when he admits he ’ s guilty. Shows how confused and maddened Parson is because of the Parties method of brain washing. Sanctimonious: (adj.) making a hypocritical show of religious devotion, piety, righteousness. etc; obsolete, holy; sacred. Used to describe Parson ’ s face when he admits he ’ s guilty. Shows how confused and maddened Parson is because of the Parties method of brain washing. “ His froglike face grew calmer, and even took on a slightly sanctimonious expression. ” “ His froglike face grew calmer, and even took on a slightly sanctimonious expression. ” Insidious: intended to entrap; stealthily treacherous or deceitful; operating or proceeding in an inconspicuous or seemingly harmless way but actually with grave effect. Used to describes Parson ’ s opinion on thoughtcrime saying how it can get a hold of you without you even knowing. Insidious: intended to entrap; stealthily treacherous or deceitful; operating or proceeding in an inconspicuous or seemingly harmless way but actually with grave effect. Used to describes Parson ’ s opinion on thoughtcrime saying how it can get a hold of you without you even knowing. “ Thoughtcrime is a dreadful thing, old man, ” he said sententiously,. “ It ’ s insidious. It can get a hold of you without your even knowing it. ” “ Thoughtcrime is a dreadful thing, old man, ” he said sententiously,. “ It ’ s insidious. It can get a hold of you without your even knowing it. ” Newspeak/Vocabulary

6. Literary Elements ► “ His mind sagged round and round on the same track, like a ball falling again and again into the same series of slots. ”  This simile compares Winston ’ s thoughts to an arcade game, saying that, no matter how hard he tried not to think about something, it would eventually come back and linger in his mind. While sitting in the cell, he is thinking of many things including Room 101, Julia, O ’ Brien, food, etc. This is significant because it may foreshadow to a mental breakdown. ► “ He was in a high ceilinged windowless cell with walls of glittering white porcelain. Concealed lamps flooded it with a cold light, and there was a low, steady humming sound which he supposed had something to do with the air supply. A bench just wide enough to sit on ran around the wall, broken by the door and, at the opposite of the door, a disgusting lavatory pan. There were four telescreens, one in each wall.  The use of imagery here is very effective in showing how horrible the living conditions were in the cell. This description gave the reader a taste of how the prisoners felt. Also, this represents how the party controls every aspect of life forcing the people to live inhumanely.

7. ► “You don’t think they’ll shoot me, do you, old chap?....I tried to do my best for the Party, didn’t I. I’ll get off with five years don’t you think? Or even ten years? A chap like me could make himself pretty useful in a force labor camp right? They wouldn’t shoot me for going off the rails just once?”  Orwell uses repetition here to show how nervous and worried Parsons is for his unforeseeable future. It also shows how mentally unstable many citizens of Oceania truly are. The government are manipulating the minds of the people so much, they are beginning to lose their mental stability and common sense. ► “A Young officer, a trim black uniformed figure who seemed to glitter all over with polished leather, and whose pale, straight-figure face was like a wax mask, stepped smartly through the doorway.”  Personification is used here to emphasize how good the inner Party treats their own people and how bad they treat some of the outer party and proles. Also simile, is used to give the reader an idea that the guard did not see daylight often and that a majority over their time was being spent as a guard for the inner party. Literary Elements

8. Discussion Questions What is the significance of the piece of bread lying on the ground in the cell? What is the significance of the piece of bread lying on the ground in the cell? The piece of bread lying on the ground in the cell is extremely significant because it represents the party’s totalitarian control over everything in Oceania. Although the prisoners, especially the skull-faced man, are starving, they do not dare to pick up or even look at the little piece of bread due to the fear of getting beat by the guards. This clearly represents the method of how the government controls the people which is to strike absolute fear into their minds which allows the party to control all aspects of their life. This method also contributes to stop the thought of rebellion from spreading.

9. What is significant about how Parsons is proud of his daughter for turning him in for thoughtcrime? What is significant about how Parsons is proud of his daughter for turning him in for thoughtcrime? Discussion Questions It is significant about how Parsons is proud of his daughter for turning him in for thoughtcrime because it symbolizes how brain washed the people of Oceania truly are. Parsons admires and is proud of his daughter despite the fact her actions sent him into a place of only torture and death. The party has such complete control over everything, people are losing their own natural way of thinking and will believe anything the party says. Common sense is even being altered.

10. Why are the last words of the skull-faced man before he is taken to room 101 significant? (I’ve got a wife and three children. The biggest of them isn’t six years old. You cab take the whole lot of them and cut their throats in front my eyes, and I’ll stand by and watch it. But not room 101!”.) Why are the last words of the skull-faced man before he is taken to room 101 significant? (I’ve got a wife and three children. The biggest of them isn’t six years old. You cab take the whole lot of them and cut their throats in front my eyes, and I’ll stand by and watch it. But not room 101!”.) Discussion Questions The significance of the last words of the skull-faced man before he is taken to room 101 is that it shows how inhumane the inner party is. They starve and torture prisoners where some might have done nothing, to the point where they will give up anything in their lives to stop the pain. The skull-face man was willing to give up his own family and even the chinless man who kindly offered him bread seeing how starved he was. This foreshadows Winston’s betrayal to Julia towards the end of the book.

11. Why are the prisoner numbers significant? (Ex. Winston-6079, Bumstead J (chinless man)-2713) Why are the prisoner numbers significant? (Ex. Winston-6079, Bumstead J (chinless man)-2713) Discussion Questions The prisoner numbers are significant because it shows just how many people are being convicted. The number also symbolizes the thousand of people being convicted for a crime they may or may not have committed which shows that everyone can be convicted at anytime. This shows the party’s immense fear of a rebellion starting and that even the slightest hint of treason will result in imprisonment. Not only does it represent this, but it also represents the people’s small and meticulous decisions they make to avoid being wrongfully accused.

12. What does the constant reference to room 101 symbolize? What does the constant reference to room 101 symbolize? Discussion Questions The constant reference to room 101 symbolizes the party’s method of controlling the people of Oceania which is to constantly repeat certain phrases to engrave it into their minds causing them to believe it. Examples of this are the three slogans (Ignorance is Strength, War is peace, Freedom is Slavery), Big Brother Is Watching You and Oceania coins. The repetition of room 101 strikes fear in the prisoners causing them to obey all orders no matter what they are. This plays a significant role where it contributes to the mental torture the prisoners must endure for endless hours.

13. Chapter Summary  Winston sits in a bright, bare cell in which the lights are always on and cannot tell whether it is day or night. Four telescreens monitor him from each wall. He has been transferred here from a holding cell where he sits motionless and quietly. The silence is broken when a fat, drunk prole woman is thrown in the room who shares the last name, Smith, which causes Winston to wonder if she is his mother. Ampleforth, a poet whose crime was leaving the word “God” in a poem was thrown in the cell. They have a small conversation but he is soon dragged away to the Room 101, a place of unspeakable horror and treachery. Winston shares his cell with a many other prisoners, including his neighbor Parsons, who was turned in by his own daughter for committing thoughtcrime. Throughout this time, people where constantly being warned, beaten and sent to room 101. Winston only hope is that the Brotherhood sends him a razorblade which he might use to commit suicide. Shockingly, O’Brien, his only hope for the Brotherhood’s existence, enters the cell. Winston cries out, “They’ve got you too!” O’Brien replies, “They got me long ago,” and identifies himself as an officer of the Ministry of Love. He states that Winston has known all along that he was party of the Ministry of Love, and Winston admits this. Suddenly, a guard smashes Winston’s elbow, and Winston thinks that no one can become a hero in the face of phys i cal pain because it is too much to endure. This is ironic because only moments ago, Winston stated he would double his pain to save Julia but after one blow, his thinking has already changed.

14. Chapter Analysis  This chapter is mainly used to show the inhumane torture the inner party will use on their own people to retain power. The physical pain is impossible to resist and can change the strongest emotion, such as Winston’s love for Julia, or even common sense. This is shown when Parsons states he is proud of his daughter for turning him in for thoughtcrime. The mental and psychological torture is used to manipulate the minds of its subjects and is the key to the Party’s power. Throughout this chapter, it shows how powerful and totalitarian the party truly is controlling everything allowing them to change the general way of thinking without questioning. However, at the same time, it shows the party’s immense fear of rebellion due to the fact that so many people have been imprisoned. These are the main themes of this chapter. The extreme detail Orwell uses, gives the reader a clear view of how the characters felt, and how gloom the setting was. The tone was extremely disturbing and full of suspense leading us to believe something critical is about to happen. This was when O’Brien reveals him as an operator of the Ministry of love. This destroyed all of Winston’s hope for a revolution. The entire chapter’s main purpose was to foreshadow the future of Winston’s and Oceania.